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Hematology > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the major production site for various blood cells

A

Bone Marrow

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2
Q

In the fetus, blood cells are also formed in the…

A

Live and spleen

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3
Q

Active Cellular Marrow is called

A

Red Marrow

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4
Q

Inactive Marrow is called

A

Yellow Marrow

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5
Q

What is Erythropoiesis

A

The production of red blood cells

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6
Q

What are Erythrocytes derived from?

A

Erythroblasts (normoblasts)

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7
Q

What is the maturation stimulated by?

A

Erythropoietin

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8
Q

What causes an increase in red blood cell production and release from the bone marrow?

A

Erythropoietin

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9
Q

How many new RBCs enter the circulation per second

A

Approx. 3 million

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10
Q

What does Haemoglobin require to synthesis

A

Fe++ (Iron)

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11
Q

What does cell division require?

A

Folate, vitamin B12

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12
Q

What does a deficiency of iron, Vit B12, Folic Acid lead to?

A

Reduced RBCs or malformed RBCs

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13
Q

What happens to the RBCs during muturation and before entering the circulation

A

They lose their nuclei & Organelles

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14
Q

What are Reticulocytes

A

Immature RBCs

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15
Q

How long does it take for Reticulocytes to form and mature?

A

within 1 to 2 days

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16
Q

What does RBCs contain to help perform their functions?

A

Enzymes and ATP

17
Q

What is the major source of energy for RBCs

A

Glucose

18
Q

Glucose is metabolised via the…

A

Glycolytic pathway which does not require oxgygen (anaerobic)

19
Q

What is the main function of Red Blood Cells

A

To transport oxygen

20
Q

How long do platelets circulate for before losing their functional capacity

A

10 days

21
Q

What does haemostatsis involve?

A

Vasoconstriction, coagulation, platelet plug

22
Q

What are the six stages of haemostatsis

A
  1. Endothelial exposure,
  2. Adhesion
  3. Activation
  4. Aggregation
  5. Platelet plug formation
  6. Clot retraction and clot dissolution
23
Q

What is primary haemostasis

A

Platelet plug formation

24
Q

What works together with Fibrin

A

Thrombin

25
Q

What is the name of the natural anticoagulants or anti platelet substances

A

Antithryombin III
Heparin
Activated protein C (activated by thrombin)
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor

Hematology (2 decks)

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