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Iv Therapy > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma

A

fluid portion of blood, contains protein, globulin, fibrinogen, electrolytes,waste products and nutrients

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2
Q

Cellular components

A

Leukocyte
Erythrocytes
Platelets

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3
Q

Hematopoesis

A

Located in bone marrow,reproduction of cells

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4
Q

Under normal conditions the adult bone marrow produces the following daily:

A

RBC- lives 120 days
Neutrophils WBC- 13-20days
Platelets-10 days

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5
Q

Blood volume

A

7-10% normal body weight (5-6liters)

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6
Q

3 nutrients that help blood cells develope

A

Iron, protein, folic acid

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7
Q

Bone marrow

A

Site of hematopoiesis or blood cell formation

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8
Q

In diseases causing bone marrow destruction fibrosis scaring, liver and spleen can also

A

Resume production of blood cells

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9
Q

Marrow is highly

A

Vascular, within it are primitive cells called stem cells

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10
Q

Stem cells

A

Ability to replicate ensuring continuous supply trough out life. Differentiate into myeloid or lymphoid(B&T cells)

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11
Q

Myeloid differentiate into 3 broad cells

A

RBC, WBC, PLT

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12
Q

Defect in myeloid causes

A

WBC, RBC, plt production

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13
Q

Common name for circulatory vessels or ducts in which fluid bathes tissue cells absorbing digesting fat, removing and destroying toxic substance, resist spread of disease control edema

A

Lymphatic system

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14
Q

Fluid going through lymphatic system

A

Lymph

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15
Q

When infected or swollen it can be palpated if located near surface

A

Lymph nodes

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16
Q

Located in the ULQ, stores RBC and push them into circulation when needed

A

Spleen

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17
Q

Disorders of hemopoiesis

A

Problems of blood forming tissue, including blood cells, bone marrow, spleen and lymph system

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18
Q

RBC count

A
  1. 2-6.2 million in men

4. 2-5.4 million in women

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19
Q

Erythrocytes index

Aid in describing anemias

A

MCV- (RBC size) increase w/ pernicious anemia and folic acid

MCHC-(hemoglobin saturation) decrease in iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia and hypochromic anemia

MCH-(RBC weight) increase macrocyclic anemia, decrease hypochromic anemia

Notify md if out of range

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20
Q

Hgb,Hct levels

A

Hgb- male and female 12-18
Hct-male 40-50%, 37-47%

Hct -decreased in blood loss,anemias,leukemias, Hodgkin disease

Hgb-decreased in anemias, cancer, Hodgkin

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21
Q

Nonnucleated immature RBC, indicator bone marrow activity, represent the # or RBC not sufficient to carry o2

A

Reticulocyte

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22
Q

Measure rate of RBC settle out of uncloted blood
Decrease levels of sickle cell anemia, chf
Increase level of Hodgkin, rheumatoid arthritis

A

Sedimentation rate

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23
Q

Serum iron (IBC)

A

Helpful to classify anemias, differentiating acute from chronic disorders.
Increase= RBC destruction
Decrease=iron deficiency anemia

24
Q

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

A

Measures amount transferin can combine with
Transferin- plasma protein responsible for iron transportation to bone marrow for purpose of Hgb synthesis

Decreased=sickle cell anemia, hemolytic anemia
Increase=acute disorder

25
Q

Serum bilirubin

A

Formed from break down of hgb carried in plasma to liver

26
Q

Serum bilirubin

Conjugated

A

Direct reacting( soluble) increased= obstructive jaundice, liver cancer,wilsons disease,accumulation of copper in brain, liver, kidney,cornea.

Something wrong with liver break down RBC

27
Q

Serum bilirubin

Unconjucated

A

Indirect reacting(protein bound) increased= sickle cell anemia,transfusion reaction,hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia

Protein with blood break down RBC

28
Q

Used to diagnose pernicious anemia.

A

Schilling test

29
Q

Schilling test procedure

A 
24 hour urine collection
Oral radioactive b12 administered 
Non radioactive 2 hr later
No b12 3 days before test
Laxative 24 h before test
NPO 8-12 hours before
30
Q

VIT. B12 essential for

A

RBC maturation

31
Q

VIT. B12 is important for

A

Normal hemotopoiesis

32
Q

The extrinsic factor of VIT. B12 is obtained from ____ and is _____ in the small intestines when intrinsic is present

A

Food

Absorbed

33
Q

VIT. B12 intrinsic factor is produced by

A

Gastric mucosa

34
Q

When intrinsic factor is missing

A

Pernicious anemia develops

35
Q

Decreased VIT. B12 level

A

Pernicious anemia, Mel absorption syndrome

36
Q

Increased VIT. B12 level

A

Acute/ chronic myelscytic leukemia, hepatitis

37
Q

Serum folate level ( folic acid B9)

A

Needed for normal RBC and WBC formation useful for classifying anemias

38
Q

Decreased level of folic acid

A

VIT. B6 anemia, folic acid anemia

39
Q

Elevated folic acid levels

A

Pernicious anemia

40
Q

Foods high in iron

A
  • Beef liver
  • Blackstrap molasses
  • Chicken liver
  • Cooked oatmeal
  • Cooked prunes
  • Cooked shrimp
  • Dried apricots
  • Egg yolks
  • Kidney beans
  • Lean beef
  • Lima beans
  • Whole grains
  • Prune juice
  • Raisins
  • Spinach and green leafy vegetables
  • Turkey
41
Q

Foods high in folic acid

A 
Asparagus
• Beef
• Fish
• Cabbage
• Brussels sprouts
• Broccoli
• Legumes (kidney beans, etc.)
• Liver
• Eggs
• Whole grains
42
Q

Ng tube inserted- histamine injected to stimulate gastric secretions, gastric contents aspirated and analyzed

A

Gastric analysis

43
Q

Achlorhydria ( absence of hc1)

A

Pernicious anemia

44
Q

Sickledex test

A

Abnormal hgb causes RBC to form crescents or sickle shape.
With adequate hgb and RBC maintain normal shape
Sickling of cells in hypoxia suggest sickle cell trait or anemia

45
Q

WBC count

A

4,500-11,000
Determine # of leukocyte
Aid in diagnosis of infection and blood disorders such as leukemia

46
Q

Determine type of infection, take before given antibiotics

A

Blood culture and sensitivity

47
Q

WBC differential

Granular

A

Produced in red bone marrow
Neutrophils- go directly to infection
Eosinophils- got to pericites and pinworms
Basophils- increase allergic reaction, release histamine

48
Q

WBC differential

Agranular

A

Produced in lymphatic tissue of spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, and red bone marrow
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

49
Q

Two types of lymphocytes

A

T cells

B cell

50
Q

Decreased neutrophils

A

Leukemia

Iron deficiency anemias

51
Q

Decreased monocytes

A

Lymphocytic leukemia

Aplastic anemia

52
Q

Decreased lymphocytes

A

Cancer
Leukemia
Aplastic anemia

53
Q

Increased neutrophils

A

Acute infection

Hodgkin disease

54
Q

Increased basophils and monocytes

A

Leukemia

55
Q

Increased lymphocytes

A

Lymphatic leukemia
Chronic infection,
Hodgkin disease

Iv Therapy (2 decks)

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