Hematology Flashcards
What is a Neutrophil?
The phagocyte (has anti-microbials, most abundant)
Me always eating
What is an Eosinophil?
The parasite destroyer, allergy inducer
teenager always destroyer and living from they parents
What is a Basophil?
The allergy helper (IgE receptor so release histamine)
granma always helping
What is a Monocyte?
The destroyer, MP (hydrolytic enzymes, coffee-bean nucleus)
kid always destroying
What is a Lymphocyte?
The warrior (T, B, NK cell)
always figthing
What is a Platelet?
The clotter (no nuclei, smallest cells)
What is a Blast?
Baby hematopoietic cell
What is a Band?
Baby neutrophil
High WBC and high PMNs
Stress demargination
High WBC and < 5% blast
Leukemoid reaction, seen in burns pts (extreme demargination looks like leukemia
High WBC and > 5% blast
Leukemia
High WBC and bands
Left shift that’s mean that have and infection
High WBC and B cell
Bacterial infection
What diseases have high Eosinophils?
NAACP
- Neoplasm
- Allergy/Asthma
- Addison’s disease (no cortisol so relative eosinophilia)
- Collagen vascular disease
- Parasites
What diseases have high Monocytes (>15%)?
STELS
- Syphilis (chancre, rash, warts)
- TB (hemoptysis, night sweats)
- EBV (teenager sick for a month)
- Listeria (baby who is sick)
- Salmonella (food poisoning)
High retics (>1%)
RBC being destroyer peripherally
Low retis
Bone maro not working right (decrease production)
What is Poikilocytosis
Different shapes
What is Anisocytosis?
Different sizes
What is te RBC lifespan?
120 days
What is the platelet lifespan?
7 days
What does -penia means?
low levels (usually due to virus or drugs)
What does -cytosis means?
High levels
What does -cythemia tell you?
High levels
What is the differenc between plasma and serum?
Plasma is no RBC and serum is no RBC or fibrinogen
What is Chronic Granulomatous Disease?
NADPH oxidase deficiency so recurrent infections with staph or aspergillus (nitroblue tetrazolium stain negative)
What does MPO deficiency causes?
Catalase + infections
What is Chediak Higashi?
Lazy lysosome syndrome
Lysosomes are slow tu fuse around bacteria
What organ can make RBCs of the long bone are damaged?
Spleen (splenomegaly)
What causes a shift to the right in the Hb curve?
all CADETs face right/everithing up les pH
- CO2
- Acid/Altitud
- DPG 2,3
- Exercise
- Temperature
What does CO posion to the Hb?
Competitive inhibition od oxigen on Hb.
Patientes with pinkish skin hue and cherry-red lips.
How does Cyanide poison to the Hb?
Non competitive inhibitor of oxigen on Hb.
The patient had almond breath
What is MetHb?
Hb with Ferric (3+)
What does a patient with Acute Intermitent Porphyria (AIP) had?
NARUPE
- Neuropathy
- Abdominal pain
- Red urine
- Urine s-ALA
- Porphobilinogen
- Elevation of porphyrin
What is Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT) lession?
skin blisters with porphyrin deposits when is exposed to the sunlight,
at wood’s lamp las orange-pink.
Old vampires
What is Eritrocytic Protoporphyria?
PCT in a baby
Sickle Cell Disease
Homozygous HbS (glu to val)
Vaso-occlusion, necrosis, dactylitis (painful fingers/toes) at 6mo
Protects agains malaria.
Sickle cell train
Heterozygous HbS (glu to val)
Painless hematuria, sickle with extreme hipoxia
HbC disease
when beta fraccion had a glu to lys change
they can charged but nos sickling
Alpha-thalassemia
They had a losing alpha chain in Hb
1 deletion NORMAL
2 deletion trait: microcytic anemia
3 deletion Hb H (4 betas): hemolytic anemia
4 deletion Hb Bart (4 gammas): hydrops fetalis
Beta-thalassemia
They has b chain loss
1 deletion/B minor: elevation in HbA2 and F
2 deletion/major, trait, intermedia: only HbA2 and F they had hipoxia at 6 mo
Cooley’s anemia
Baby making blood from everywhere
Sew with b-thalassemia major
Not HbA so they had excess RBC production, frontal bossing, long extremities, hepatosplenomegaly
Aplastic Crisis
Low retics
Sequestration Crisis
High retics
RBCs trapped in big spleen
