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Phlebotomy > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

0
Q

Normal range for Hct (male, female)?

A

Male 42-52%

Female 37-47%

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1
Q

Normal range for Hgb (male, female)?

A

Male 14-18 gm%

Female 12-16 gm%

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2
Q

Functions of the role of blood?

A

a. To carry O2 and food materials to the various tissues of the body.
b. To remove CO2 from the tissues as well as the waste products of the metabolic process.
c. Regulation of body temperature.
d. Maintenance of water and salt content in tissues (fluid balance)
e. Maintenance of proper pH (normal 7.35-7.45)
f. Protection against infection.

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3
Q

After ages 18-20, red bone marrow remains in the following bone?

A
  1. Vertebrae
  2. Ribs
  3. Sternum
  4. Skull
  5. Partially in femur and humerus
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4
Q

What is the scientific name for:
White Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
Platelets

A

White Blood Cells: Leukocytes
Red Blood Cells: Erythrocytes
Platelets: Thrombocytes

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5
Q

Solid elements of plasma include:

A

a. Proteins- albumin, globin, fibrinogen
b. NPN (non-protein nitrogenous) Substances- amino acids, creatinine, urea, uric acids.
c. Calcium, magnesium
d. Sodium and Potassium
e. Sugars- glucose
f. Cholesterol, triglycerides (fat)
g. Phospholipids
h. Bicarbonate
i. Chloride

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6
Q

What is the size for normal RBC?

A

6-8 Microns

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7
Q

What is the main function of Hgb?

A

To transport O2 from the lungs where O2 tension is hight to the tissues where it is low.

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8
Q

What are the two general sources of blood for laboratory test?

A

Capillary blood and venous blood.

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9
Q

Diagram: Life cycle of RBC

A

Refer to paper

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10
Q

What are normal ranges for WBC differential?

A 
SEG or (PmN) poly 50-70%
STAB (band) 2-6%
META 0-1%
LYMPH 20-40%
MONO 2-8%
EOS 1-3%
BASO 0-1%
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11
Q

What are the conditions or diseases most commonly accompanied by leukopenia?

A

a. Acute infections by viruses.
b. Poisoning with certain drugs such as benzol, sulfonamides, barbiturates, cytotoxic agents.
c. Exposure of radiation.
d. Disease of the hematopoietic organs such as aplastic anemia.

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12
Q

What is the normal range of platelets?

A

Varies from day to day: with altitude, with seasons, etc.

Size: 1/4 to 1/2 the size of RBC

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13
Q

Doing finger stick, why is the first drop of blood always removed?

A

Because it contains tissue fluid, alcohol or perspiration which will dilute the blood.

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14
Q

Doing hematocrit, what kind of result would you get from clotted specimen?

A

Falsely increased result

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15
Q

Name the stain used for blood smear.

A

Wright stain

16
Q

What is the name of the anticoagulant that is used proper collection of blood in Hematology?

A

EDTA (lavender top tube)

17
Q

What are the effects of RBC and WBC on overwashed/understained or underwashed/overstained?

A 
Overwashed/understianed:
-stain too alkaline
-red cells are blue red
-white cells darker and more granular
Underwashed/overstained:
-stain too acid
-red cells bright red
-white cells appear indistinct and nuclei blue instead of purple
18
Q

After evaluating the quality of stain and smear, what things are performed for differential?

A

a. Evaluation of the quality of the blood smear.
b. RBC’s examine for morphologic alteration
c. Estimation of platelet count 150,000-350,000
d. Differential count of WBC’s (morphology of WBC)

19
Q

Formula for calculating indirect platelet count.

A

Refer to paper

20
Q

Name of the instrument used for hemoglobin.

A

Hemoglobinmeter

21
Q

What are the reason for accelerated sed. rate?

A

a. Inflammatory disease (rheumatic fever, tuberculosis)
b. Increased fibrinogen (increase rouleaux formation)
c. Anemia
d. Microcytosis

22
Q

Calculating indices formula:

A

Refer to paper

23
Q

Formula for calculating reticulytes

A

Refer to paper

24
Q

Count WBC, tell if acceptable or not. What is the range of each cell?

A

Range: 10-12
If over, not accurate (not acceptable)
20 x 2.5

25
Q

Manual RBC count, what is the dilution factor and the volume factor?

A

Dilution factor: 200

Volume factor: 50

26
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

change in the shape of and RBC

27
Q

Anisocytosis

A

change in the size of and RBC

28
Q

Hematopoeisis

A

the production of red blood cells.

29
Q

Downy cells:

A

atypical lymphocyte

30
Q

Shift to the left:

A

an increase in band (non-filamented) neutrophils and other immature neutrophils and is an indication of an abnormal response.

31
Q

Vital staining

A

the process of staining cells in the living stage.

32
Q

Sedimentation rate:

A

the rate at which the RBC settle out from the plasma.

33
Q

Leukemia:

A

a disease of unknown cause (affecting the blood-forming organs characterized) by the permanent progressive increase in the total leukocyte count.

34
Q

What is the transfusion reaction?

A

A transfusion reaction is any unfavorable event occurring in the patient during or following transfusion of blood products.

35
Q

Explain Landsteiner’s Law.

A

Corresponding antigens and antibodies cannot co-exist in the same person’s blood. Symptoms of relatively mild transfusion.
Reactions:
fever/chills
hives/itching

36
Q

Explain hemolytic disease of the newborn.

A

Erythroblastosis Fetalis: a hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by fetal maternal incompatibility. A condition which develops while the fetus is within the uterus. Child is positive for an antigen for which mother is negative. Exact mechanism of transfer is unknown.

37
Q

What are the materials needed for venipuncture?

A

a. Alcohol swabs 70%
b. Dry gauze or cotton balls
c. Tourniquet
d. Vacutainer holder
e. Needle, syringe, or vacutainers
f. band aid and ammonia inhalants (optional)
g. pencil or marker for labeling tubes with patient’s name

38
Q 
Correct units:
RBC:
Hgb:
Hct:
Segs:
Sed. Rate:
Indices:
             MCV:
             MCH:
             MCHC:
A 
RBC: mm3 
Hgb: gm%
Hct: %
Segs: %
Sed Rate: mm/hr
Indices:
             MCV: units in cubic micrometer (Mm3)
             MCH: micromicrograms (Mmg)
             MCHC: %

Phlebotomy (1 decks)

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