Hematology Flashcards
average amount of blood in a person
5-6 mL
Liquid portion of blood, contains various enzymes and proteins (such as coag factors and immunoglobulins)
Plasma
Formation/ maturation of blood cells
Hematopoesis
Formation of reticulocytes stimulated by erythropoetin (EPO) and other factors
Erythropoesis
increased destruction of RBCs is indicated by what?
Increased bilirubin
Increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
what produces erythropoetin?
Kidneys
what reduces affinity for O2?
reduced pH (acidity)
CO2
increased temp
high elevation
synthesis of hemoglobin requires what?
pyridoxine (Vit B6)
normal hemoglobin level?
13-17 g/dL
normal hematocrit
39-50% (3x Hgb)
what is the term for the average volume of RBC
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
term form Volume of RBC occupied by Hgb (%
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
what is the term for Variability of RBC size
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
what is the Transporter protein for iron
Transferrin
what do low levels of transferrin indicate?
iron deficiency
liver dz
when do you see high iron levels?
hemolytic anemias
iron overlaod
Indirect measurement of how much iron the patients transferrin CAN hold
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
If TIBC is low what does that indicate?
Anemia of chronic disease, liver disease, renal disease
If TIBC is high what does that indicate?
iron deficiency anemia
what is the term for the storage iron?
ferritin
cells that Carry out immune system functions
Recognize self from non self
leukocytes
what are the granulocytes?
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
what leukocyte Prevent microorganism invasion, kill invading organisms
Attracted to site of infection by chemotactic factors
Phagocytize microorganisms
Release toxic substances from granules within cell into vacuole containing organism
neutrophils
what is increased bands in circulation?
“left shift” can be sign of infection or leukemia
What does a low absolute neutrophil count indicate? (ANC)
higher risk for infection
Effector cells of immune system, recognize invaders, tag them for removal and kill them
lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
Express CD4 as T cell receptor (TCR)
Binds to antigen on antigen presenting cells with major histocompatability complex (MHC) 2
helper T cells
Express CD8 as TCR
Binds to antigen on antigen presenting cells with MHC 1
Cytotoxic T cells
Bind soluble antigen, then display on MHC 2 receptors
B lymphocytes
Serve to replenish tissues with macrophages prior to and during immune response
monocytes
what are different macrophages
Liver- Kupffer cells
CNS- microglial cells
Skin- Langerhans cells
Bone- osteoclasts
Responsible for immune processes against helminths and parasites and allergic rxns
eosinophils
Mediates inflammatory reactions
Releases heparin, histamine, and cytokines
Chemotactic for eosinophils
Involved in allergic reactions
Basophils
Facilitate blood coagulation by Adhering to exposed endothelial tissue Aggregation with other platelets Secretion of platelet coagulants `
platelets
lifespan of platelets
7-10 days
what can cause high platelets
myeloproliferative disease
polycythemia
what is the Rhesus factor?
D antigen
Women tend to have lower ____ values and higher platelet counts versus men
RBC
