Hematology Flashcards
Rouleaux formation “stack of coins” on peripheral smear indicates what disease
Multiple myeloma
Cold aggluinin should make you think of…
….mycoplasma
Howell Jolly bodies associated with what condition?
Decreased splenic functioning, either autosplenectomy like sickle cell or post splenectomy
Bite cells associated with what 2 conditions
Thalassemia, G6pd deficiency
Schistocytes are associated with what condition?
Hemolytic anemias
Basophilic stippling is associated with what condition?
Sideroblastic anemia
Echinocytes “burr” cells are associated with what condition?
Uremia
Acanthocytes “spur” cells are associated with what conditions?
Liver disease
Target cells and spherocytes are associated with what condition?
Hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell or thalassemia, can also be seen in hereditary spherocytosis or with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophils indicate what condition?
B12 and folate deficiencies
Auer rods indicate what condition?
AML
Reed sternberg cells indiacte what conditoin?
Hodgkin lymphoma
Microcytic anemia 4 principle causes
Fe deficiency
Lead
Thalassemia
Early anemia of chronic disease
All have a low reticulocyte count
Iron study finding pathognomonic for iron deficiency anemia
Decreased ferritin
How is a thalassemia or sickle cell trait diagnosed?
Electrophoresis
Heinz bodies indicate one of these 2 pathologies
G6PD deficiency
a Thalassemia
Iron chelating agent to remove excess iron from frequent transfusions
Deferoxamine
Pernicious anemia definition
Lack of IF preventing absorption of B12 resulting in B12 deficient anemia
B12 differs from folate deficiency in these 2 ways
It has neurologic symptoms and increased methymalonic acid
Anemia of chronic disease early on is ____cytic ___chromatic, then becomes ___chromic and ___cytic. One way that it differs from iron deficiency is from the ____. What is the treatment?
micro, hypo, normo, normo, normal to increased ferritin levels, manage the underlying disease and erythropoietin alpha
Increased reticulocyte count indicates these 2 pathologies
Blood loss or hemolytic disease
What test differentiates hereditary spherocytosis from autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Coombs test negative vs coombs test posiotive
Most common initial presentation of sickle cell disease
Dactylitis
What disease is associated with aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients?
Parvovirus b19 infection
What disease is associated with osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients
Salmonella
Initial therapy in sickle cell crisis
IV hydration and oxygen
Infection prophylaxis in sickle cell patients
PCN as early as 2-3 months until 5 years of age to prevent infectious complication
Heparin overdose antitode
Protamine sulfate
Warfarin overdose antitode
Vitamin K
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura presentation and treatment
Mucocutaneous bleeding, hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly,
plasmapheresis and glucocorticoids
Hemolytic uremic syndrome comes on most often after what disease? What is the treatment?
gastroenteritis in children, supportive therapy with plasmapheresis if severe
Hemophilia A presentation and 2 treatments
Delayed bleeding and hemarthrosis, excessive hemorrhage due to trauma and surgeyr or incisional bleeding, epistaxis
Factor VIII infusion or desmopressin DDAVP
Hemophilia B presentation and treatmnet
Delayed bleeding and hemarthrosis, excessive hemorrhage due to trauma and surgeyr or incisional bleeding, epistaxis
Factor IX infusion (the 9 days of Christmas)
Von willebrand disease treatment
Desmopressin
Initial test of choice for hemochromatosis, what is the most accurate test?
Iron studies showing increased serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation, liver biopsy
Punched out lesions on radiographs indicated what condition?
Multiple myeloma
Most common primary bone malignancy in adults
Multiple myeloma
Most common presenting symtpom of multiple myeloma
Bone pain
Bence jones proteins indicate what condition?
Multiple myeloma
First line diagnosis for multiple myeloma
Serum protein electrophoresis
Most common childhood malignancy
Acute lymphocytic leukemia ALL (2-5 years)
Most common form of leukemia in adults
chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL (70 plus years)
Most common acute leukemia in adults and what is the gold standard to diagnose it?
AML, bone marrow biopsy
Chrronic myelogenous leukemia definition
Phillie chromosome, splenomegaly most comon finding, chronic phase mostly asymptomatic, then accelerated and blastic phases follow
Hodgekin lymphoma clincial manifestations
Asymtpomatic painless lymphadenopathy particularly of the upper nodes most common, fatigue, generalized pruritis, etc
Hodgekin lymphoma diagnosis
Excisional whole lymph node biopsy demonstrating reed sternberg cell
