Hematology Flashcards
Causes of macrocytic anemia?
Alcoholism
B12 deficiency
Compensatory reticulocytes
Drugs
Dysplasia
Endocrine (hypothyroid)
Folate deficiancy
Fetus (pregnancy)
Normal MCV
80-100
Normal Hgb
> 120
Normal ferritin
30-200
How do we know if someone is immune with Hepatitis serologies
Will have anti-___
Hep C is the weird one that needs more testing
When should we test for HIV?
At time of exposure + 12 wks later
*counselling that first test may be negative but may not show positive until 12 wk period
What constitutes a concerning lymph node?
Firm/hard, non-mobile, non-tender, >2cm.
Not associated with illness
Associated symptoms concerning of cancer
Concerning Locations: supraclavicular, popliteal, groin
Differentials for lymphadenopathy?
Mono, malignancy – hodgkins, non-hodgkins, head and neck cancer, URTI viral illness (tender, recent illness, movable), ?goiter for location, dental concern, hypersensitivity, HIV
Signs of anemia?
Tachycardia, pallor (skin, conjunctival, tongue), bruits, rounded fingernails, dyspnea, signs of bleeding
Symptoms of anemia?
Pallor, lethargy, exercise intolerance, palpitations, SOB,
When to U/S a lymph node?
If present for >6wks without concerning presentation
or right away if concern for neoplasm
Causes of microcytic anemia?
Iron deficiency
Thallesemia
Causes of normocytic anemia?
Anemia of chronic disease
Increased Blood loss vs Poor blood supply
Describe Hep A
Fecal - oral route transmission
Often seen in travellers
Acute phase will be symptomatic ie fatigue, nausea, fever, arthralgia, jaundice
*children can be asymptomatic
Describe Hep B
Blood and body fluid transmission
Vaccinations for
Most Asymptomatic in acute phase
Rarely will lead to chronic illness but can develop liver disease
