Hematology

Question 1

Causes of microcytic anemia

Answer 1

TAILS
thalassemia 
anemia of chronic disease 
IDA 
lead poisoning 
sideroblastic anemia

Question 2

Causes of normocytic anemia and high retic count >2-3%

Answer 2

Haemolysis and bleeding

Question 3

Causes of normocytic anemia and low retic count <2

Answer 3

Pancytopenia

renal/liver disease

Question 4

Causes of macrocytic anemia

Answer 4

megaloblastic: b12/folate deficiency, drugs
nonmegaloblastic: liver disease, alcohol, hypothyroidism

Question 5

causes of erythrocytosis

Answer 5

HIGH RBC
Primary: polycythemia vera
Secondary: causes with poor tissue oxygenation/hypoxia

Question 6

Ix in reticulocytosis

Answer 6

serum EPO: differentiate b/w primary (low/normal) vs secondary (elevated) cause

?tumour secreting EPO - imaging
?PV - JAK 2 mutation
ferritin to rule out IDA

Question 7

Rx of immune mediated neutropenia?

Answer 7

G-CSF (Filgrastim)

Question 8

Causes of splenomegaly

Answer 8

CHINA 
Cirrhosis/congestion (potal HTN) 
Heme
Infectious 
Neoplasm 
Autoimmune

Question 9

Iron studies consist of?

Answer 9

Serum ferritin
Serum Iron (Fe)
TIBC
% saturation

Question 10

Ix in IDA?

Answer 10

iron studies: low ferritin (low Fe, high TIBC, low % saturation)
blood film: hypochromic

Question 11

Rx of IDA?

Answer 11

ferrous fumarate (continue until 3m after corrected) 
Hb normalise by 10g/L a wk

Question 12

iron studies in anemia of chronic disease

Answer 12

Serum ferritin normal/increased

low serum iron/TIBC

Question 13

What does the blood film show for sideroblastic anemia?

Answer 13

basophilic stippling, ring sideroblasts

iron granules in cells