Hematological Diseases Flashcards
What is the most common hemolytic anemia?
Sickle cell anemia
What population is most affected by Sickle cell anemia?
Africian Americans
What are common symptoms of sickle cell anemia?
Pain and swelling in hands and feet
What disease is “hands and feet” syndrome associated with?
Sickle cell anemia - pain and swelling in hands and feet
What complications are associated with sickle cell anemia?
Infarct of bowel following obstruction of mesenteric arteries (abdominal crisis)
What are osseous changes related to sickle cell anemia?
Infarction, avascular necrosis, marrow hyperplasia and retarded growth (short leg/bone)
What does sickle cell anemia predispose one to?
Salmonella osteomyelitis
What are some radiographic signs of sickle cell anemia?
- Marrow hyperplasia - increase in marrow space to make more RBCs
- Coarse trabeculation
- Osteopenia
- Long bone undertubulation (Erlen-meyer last deformity)
- Hair-on-end skull (more prevalent in thalassemia)
- Osteonecrosis/infarct - Lincoln log/H shaped vertebra
What disease is lincoln log/H shaped vertebra most commonly found in?
Sickle cell anemia
What disease can have infarcts that obstruct the mesenteric arteries?
Sickle cell anemia
What diseases can have “hair-on-end” skull appearance?
- Thalassemia
2. Sickle cell anemia
What disease is “hair-on-end” skull more commonly found in?
Thalassemia
What is another name for Thalassemia?
Cooley’s anemia
What is another name for Cooley’s anemia?
Thalassemia
What is Thalassemia?
A group of genetic blood disorders (RBCs) and abnormal hemoglobin
What population is typically affected by Thalassemia?
People of Mediterranean origin
What are the different forms of Thalassemia?
- Minor
- Intermedia
- Major
What is the clinical presentation of Thalassemia?
Fatigue due to chronic anemia, splenomegaly, cardiomegaly, gallstones
What blood disorder has splenomegaly, cardiomegaly and gallstones as possible presentations?
Thalassemia
What are some of the radiographic features of Thalassemia?
Marrow hyperplasia, extra medullary hematopoiesis, maxillary overgrowth/”rodent facies”, “hair-on-end” skull
What feature has high cheek bones and maxillary overgrowth?
“Rodent facies”
Why does the spleen enlarge in Thalassemia?
Extradmedullary hematopoiesis
What radiographic appearances does Thalassemia have?
- Coarsened trabeculation (honeycomb)
- Osteopenia
- Erlen-meyer flask deformity (under trabeculation especially at the metaphyseal/diaphyseal junction)
What hemolytic disease is “honeycomb” trabeculation seen in?
Thalassemia
What hematogenous disease is a X chromosome linked bleeding disorder?
Hemophilia
What sex is the gene carrier and what sex does it manifest in?
Females - carrier
Males - manifests in
What imaging features appear in someone with hemophilia?
- Intra-articular soft tissue swelling
- Radiodense effusion
- Osteopenia
- Square femoral condyles
- Degeneration
- Epiphyseal overgrowth
- Erosions
What disease does square femoral condyles appear in?
Hemophilia
What clinical appearance does hemophilia have?
Joint pain/hemophilic arthropathy
What disease has widened intercondylar notch of the femur associated with it?
Hemophilia
What disease is malignant proliferation of WBCs?
Leukemia
What radiographic appearances are associated with leukemia?
- Radiolucent submetaphyseal bands
- Osteopenia
- Osteolytic destruction of long bone metaphysics and diaphysis
- Periosteal reactions
- Growth arrest lines
What hematogenous disease has growth arrest line appearance associated with it?
Leukemia
What are the clinical symptoms associated with leukemia?
Fever, malaise, joint pain, easily bruised, spontaneous, bleeds
What is the most common imaging sign associated with leukemia?
Radiolucent submetaphyseal bands
