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Di Imaging 2 > Hematological Diseases > Flashcards

Hematological Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common hemolytic anemia?

A

Sickle cell anemia

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2
Q

What population is most affected by Sickle cell anemia?

A

Africian Americans

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3
Q

What are common symptoms of sickle cell anemia?

A

Pain and swelling in hands and feet

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4
Q

What disease is “hands and feet” syndrome associated with?

A

Sickle cell anemia - pain and swelling in hands and feet

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5
Q

What complications are associated with sickle cell anemia?

A

Infarct of bowel following obstruction of mesenteric arteries (abdominal crisis)

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6
Q

What are osseous changes related to sickle cell anemia?

A

Infarction, avascular necrosis, marrow hyperplasia and retarded growth (short leg/bone)

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7
Q

What does sickle cell anemia predispose one to?

A

Salmonella osteomyelitis

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8
Q

What are some radiographic signs of sickle cell anemia?

A
  1. Marrow hyperplasia - increase in marrow space to make more RBCs
  2. Coarse trabeculation
  3. Osteopenia
  4. Long bone undertubulation (Erlen-meyer last deformity)
  5. Hair-on-end skull (more prevalent in thalassemia)
  6. Osteonecrosis/infarct - Lincoln log/H shaped vertebra
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9
Q

What disease is lincoln log/H shaped vertebra most commonly found in?

A

Sickle cell anemia

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10
Q

What disease can have infarcts that obstruct the mesenteric arteries?

A

Sickle cell anemia

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11
Q

What diseases can have “hair-on-end” skull appearance?

A
  1. Thalassemia

2. Sickle cell anemia

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12
Q

What disease is “hair-on-end” skull more commonly found in?

A

Thalassemia

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13
Q

What is another name for Thalassemia?

A

Cooley’s anemia

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14
Q

What is another name for Cooley’s anemia?

A

Thalassemia

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15
Q

What is Thalassemia?

A

A group of genetic blood disorders (RBCs) and abnormal hemoglobin

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16
Q

What population is typically affected by Thalassemia?

A

People of Mediterranean origin

17
Q

What are the different forms of Thalassemia?

A
  1. Minor
  2. Intermedia
  3. Major
18
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Thalassemia?

A

Fatigue due to chronic anemia, splenomegaly, cardiomegaly, gallstones

19
Q

What blood disorder has splenomegaly, cardiomegaly and gallstones as possible presentations?

A

Thalassemia

20
Q

What are some of the radiographic features of Thalassemia?

A

Marrow hyperplasia, extra medullary hematopoiesis, maxillary overgrowth/”rodent facies”, “hair-on-end” skull

21
Q

What feature has high cheek bones and maxillary overgrowth?

A

“Rodent facies”

22
Q

Why does the spleen enlarge in Thalassemia?

A

Extradmedullary hematopoiesis

23
Q

What radiographic appearances does Thalassemia have?

A
  1. Coarsened trabeculation (honeycomb)
  2. Osteopenia
  3. Erlen-meyer flask deformity (under trabeculation especially at the metaphyseal/diaphyseal junction)
24
Q

What hemolytic disease is “honeycomb” trabeculation seen in?

A

Thalassemia

25
Q

What hematogenous disease is a X chromosome linked bleeding disorder?

A

Hemophilia

26
Q

What sex is the gene carrier and what sex does it manifest in?

A

Females - carrier

Males - manifests in

27
Q

What imaging features appear in someone with hemophilia?

A
  1. Intra-articular soft tissue swelling
  2. Radiodense effusion
  3. Osteopenia
  4. Square femoral condyles
  5. Degeneration
  6. Epiphyseal overgrowth
  7. Erosions
28
Q

What disease does square femoral condyles appear in?

A

Hemophilia

29
Q

What clinical appearance does hemophilia have?

A

Joint pain/hemophilic arthropathy

30
Q

What disease has widened intercondylar notch of the femur associated with it?

A

Hemophilia

31
Q

What disease is malignant proliferation of WBCs?

A

Leukemia

32
Q

What radiographic appearances are associated with leukemia?

A
  1. Radiolucent submetaphyseal bands
  2. Osteopenia
  3. Osteolytic destruction of long bone metaphysics and diaphysis
  4. Periosteal reactions
  5. Growth arrest lines
33
Q

What hematogenous disease has growth arrest line appearance associated with it?

A

Leukemia

34
Q

What are the clinical symptoms associated with leukemia?

A

Fever, malaise, joint pain, easily bruised, spontaneous, bleeds

35
Q

What is the most common imaging sign associated with leukemia?

A

Radiolucent submetaphyseal bands

Di Imaging 2 (3 decks)

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