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Health Promotions > Hematologic system and Cancer > Flashcards

Hematologic system and Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hematologic system made up of?

A

Plasma, Solutes, WBC’s, and Platelets

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2
Q

Define Hematopoietic

A

Bone marrow tissues where blood cells are formed (all cells/stem cells)

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3
Q

Define lymphoid tissues

A

White blood cells mature and circulate

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4
Q

What is another name for RBC’s

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

What is the shape characteristic of RBC’s

A

concave disc- so that they pass small capillaries without disruption of the cell membrane.

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6
Q

Duty of rbc and hgb

A

Transport o2 to body tissues
Carbon dioxide excretion

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7
Q

Abnormal levels of RBC’s

A

Anemia and polycythemia

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Define anemia

A

low rbc count

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10
Q

Define polycythemia

A

high rbc count

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11
Q

Normal range of hgb for women

A

12-16

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12
Q

Normal range of hgb for men

A

13.5-18

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13
Q

Define Erythropoiesis

A

rbc production

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14
Q

Where does production start and end in rbc’s

A

Starts in bone marrow and ends in blood or spleen

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15
Q

How long does rbc production take

A

5 days

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16
Q

What stimulates rbc production

A

tissue hypoxia
Kidneys release erythropoietin and it stimulates to produce rbc’s (bone marrow)

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17
Q

What is the lifespan of rbc

A

120 days

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18
Q

What is hemolysis

A

Old damaged rbc’s are lysed (damaged) by phagocytes

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19
Q

Lysed rbc’s

A

lead to bilirubin, excreted out and it is a orange yellow color

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20
Q

what happens if you have a impaired liver function

A

increase hemolysis that leads to bilirubin that accumulates jaundice

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21
Q

What is another name for wbc’s

A

leukocytes

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22
Q

Normal range of leukocytes

A

4,000-11,000

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23
Q

Where does leukocytes come from

A

stem cell in bone marrow

24
Q

What is wbc’s duty

A

body defense against m.o.

25
Q

What are abnormal wbc levels

A

Leukocytosis and leukopenia

26
Q

Define leukocytosis

A

increased wbc

27
Q

Define leukopenia

A

low wbc

28
Q

what is granular leukocytes

A

WBC that mature fully in bone marrow, then release into blood stream

29
Q

What are the types of granular leukocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

30
Q

define neutrophils

A

active. 1st to arrive to injury

31
Q

define eosinophils

A

found in mucosa of intestines and lungs
increase in allergic reactions and parasitic infections

32
Q

define basophils

A

inflammatory mediators and increase in allergic and inflammatory reactions.

33
Q

what part is non-granular leukocytes active in

A

inflammatory immune response

34
Q

Non-granular leukocytes

A

enter bloodstream before fully mature

35
Q

what are the types of non-granular leukocytes

A

monocytes
lymphocytes

36
Q

What is another name for platelets

A

thrombocytes

37
Q

what is the normal level of thrombocytes

A

150,000-400,000

38
Q

define thrombocytes

A

formed in bone marrow and live for 10 days.

39
Q

What is the thrombocytes duty

A

release mediators for clotting and produce atp

40
Q

What are abnormal levels of thrombocytes

A

thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia

41
Q

Define Thrombocytosis

A

excessive amount of platlets

42
Q

Define Thrombocytopenia

A

insufficent amount of platlets

43
Q

What is someone at risk for with thrombocytopenia

A

injury r/t bleeding
petechiae
ecchymosis

44
Q

Define anemia

A

abnormal low rbc count or low hgb concerntrations or both

45
Q

duty of rbc’s and hgb

A

ransport o2 to body tissues adn carbon dioxide excretion

46
Q

what does anemia reduce

A

it reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood which leads to hypoxia

47
Q

True or false. Symptoms of anemia can be asymptomatic

A

true

48
Q

s/s of anemia

A

pallor in skin, mucous membrans, and nail beds
heart ad resp rate increases
tissue hypoxia
angina
fatigue
dyspnea on exertion
bone pain

49
Q

define blood anemia

A

caused from acute/chronic blood loss

50
Q

What is the compensatory mechanisms of blood loss anemia

A

high hr, bv constrict, fluid shift from interstitial space to vascular space to help maintain fluid volume

51
Q

When does acute blood loss return

A

3-4 wks

52
Q

What happens in chronic blood loss with anemia

A

iron store eventually depleted;rbc’s microcytic and hypochromic

53
Q

Define microcytic

A

small rbc’s

54
Q

define hypochromic

A

pale

55
Q
A

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