Hematologic system and Cancer Flashcards
What is the hematologic system made up of?
Plasma, Solutes, WBC’s, and Platelets
Define Hematopoietic
Bone marrow tissues where blood cells are formed (all cells/stem cells)
Define lymphoid tissues
White blood cells mature and circulate
What is another name for RBC’s
Erythrocytes
What is the shape characteristic of RBC’s
concave disc- so that they pass small capillaries without disruption of the cell membrane.
Duty of rbc and hgb
Transport o2 to body tissues
Carbon dioxide excretion
Abnormal levels of RBC’s
Anemia and polycythemia
Define anemia
low rbc count
Define polycythemia
high rbc count
Normal range of hgb for women
12-16
Normal range of hgb for men
13.5-18
Define Erythropoiesis
rbc production
Where does production start and end in rbc’s
Starts in bone marrow and ends in blood or spleen
How long does rbc production take
5 days
What stimulates rbc production
tissue hypoxia
Kidneys release erythropoietin and it stimulates to produce rbc’s (bone marrow)
What is the lifespan of rbc
120 days
What is hemolysis
Old damaged rbc’s are lysed (damaged) by phagocytes
Lysed rbc’s
lead to bilirubin, excreted out and it is a orange yellow color
what happens if you have a impaired liver function
increase hemolysis that leads to bilirubin that accumulates jaundice
What is another name for wbc’s
leukocytes
Normal range of leukocytes
4,000-11,000
Where does leukocytes come from
stem cell in bone marrow
What is wbc’s duty
body defense against m.o.
What are abnormal wbc levels
Leukocytosis and leukopenia
Define leukocytosis
increased wbc
Define leukopenia
low wbc
what is granular leukocytes
WBC that mature fully in bone marrow, then release into blood stream
What are the types of granular leukocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
define neutrophils
active. 1st to arrive to injury
define eosinophils
found in mucosa of intestines and lungs
increase in allergic reactions and parasitic infections
define basophils
inflammatory mediators and increase in allergic and inflammatory reactions.
what part is non-granular leukocytes active in
inflammatory immune response
Non-granular leukocytes
enter bloodstream before fully mature
what are the types of non-granular leukocytes
monocytes
lymphocytes
What is another name for platelets
thrombocytes
what is the normal level of thrombocytes
150,000-400,000
define thrombocytes
formed in bone marrow and live for 10 days.
What is the thrombocytes duty
release mediators for clotting and produce atp
What are abnormal levels of thrombocytes
thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia
Define Thrombocytosis
excessive amount of platlets
Define Thrombocytopenia
insufficent amount of platlets
What is someone at risk for with thrombocytopenia
injury r/t bleeding
petechiae
ecchymosis
Define anemia
abnormal low rbc count or low hgb concerntrations or both
duty of rbc’s and hgb
ransport o2 to body tissues adn carbon dioxide excretion
what does anemia reduce
it reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood which leads to hypoxia
True or false. Symptoms of anemia can be asymptomatic
true
s/s of anemia
pallor in skin, mucous membrans, and nail beds
heart ad resp rate increases
tissue hypoxia
angina
fatigue
dyspnea on exertion
bone pain
define blood anemia
caused from acute/chronic blood loss
What is the compensatory mechanisms of blood loss anemia
high hr, bv constrict, fluid shift from interstitial space to vascular space to help maintain fluid volume
When does acute blood loss return
3-4 wks
What happens in chronic blood loss with anemia
iron store eventually depleted;rbc’s microcytic and hypochromic
Define microcytic
small rbc’s
define hypochromic
pale
