Hematologic Problems Flashcards
a manifestation of a pathologic process characterized by a reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed red blood cells (hematocrit) in the blood
anemia
a disease with a deficiency of all of the formed elements of blood (specifically RBCs, WBCs, and platelets), representing a failure of the cell-generating capacity of bone marrow
aplastic anemia
a grave coagulopathy resulting from the overstimulation of clotting and anticlotting processes in response to disease or injury, such as septicemia, acute hypotension, poisonous snakebites, neoplasms, obstetric emergencies, severe trauma, extensive surgery, and hemorrhage
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
an autosomal recessive disease characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption and, as a result, increased tissue iron deposition
hemochromatosis
an anemia caused by destruction of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production
hemolytic anemia
hereditary bleeding disorders caused by defective or deficient clotting factors
hemophilia
a malignant condition characterized by proliferation of abnormal giant, multinucleated cells, called Reed-Sternberg cells, which are located in lymph nodes
Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL)
a microcytic hypochromic anemia caused by inadequate supplies of iron needed to synthesize hemoglobin, characterized by pallor, fatigue, and weakness
iron-deficiency anemia
a broad term given to a group of malignant diseases characterized by diffuse replacement of bone marrow with proliferating leukocyte precursors, affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow, lymph system, and spleen
leukemia
malignant neoplasms originating in the bone marrow and lymphatic structures resulting in the proliferation of lymphocytes
lymphomas
a group of disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis and characterized by the presence of large RBCs
megaloblastic anemias
a condition in which malignant neoplastic plasma cells infiltrate the bone marrow and destroy bone
multiple myeloma
a group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements
myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
a heterogenous group of malignant neoplasms involving lymphoid tissue
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
a progressive megaloblastic macrocytic anemia resulting from inadequate gastric seccretion of intrinsic factor necessary for absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12)
pernicious anemia
an abnormal condition with excessive levels of RBCs
polycythemia
a group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte
sickle cell disease
an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin
thalassemia
this type of lymphoma affects all ages
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
this type of lymphoma originates in lymph nodes of most patients
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
this type of lymphoma is often widely disseminated at the time of diagnosis
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
this type of lymphoma is associated with alcohol-induced pain at the site of the disease
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
in this type of lymphoma, there is a greater than 90% cure rate in stage I disease
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
this type of lymphoma is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Hogdkin’s lymphoma
diagnostic for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
presence of Reed-Sterberg cells
diagnostic for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
infiltration of malignant B cells or T cells
method for diagnosing lymphoma
excisional lymph node biopsy
method for staging lymphoma
bone marrow examination and biopsy
this stage of lymphoma involves a single lymph node
stage I
this stage of lymphoma involves two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm
stage II
this stage of lymphoma involves lymph nodes both above and below the diaphragm
stage III
this stage of lymphoma is characterized by disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs
stage IV
