hematologic neoplasms

Question 1

leukemia

Answer 1

cancer of WBCs

classification:
acute or chronic
lympocytic or mye,ogenous

risk factors:
genetics, chemical exposure, radiation exposure

Question 2

leukemia clinical manifestations

Answer 2

anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis

leukemic cells accumulate and infiltrate organs:
ex: liver effected then youll have RUQ pain

opportunistic infections:
pneumonia
TB
HIV

Question 3

leukemia diagnostic studies

Answer 3

bone marrow biopsy

CBC/peripheral smear

PET scan:
looks for high levels of metabolism meaning metastasis

Question 4

leukemia collaborative care
Tx

Answer 4

tx depends on type:
*chemotherapy/radiation
*hematopoietic stem cell transplants

precautions:
risk of infection

Question 5

lymphoma

Answer 5

cancer of lymphocytes and lymph nodes

hodgkins
or
non-hodgkins

Question 6

hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 6

proliferation of reed-sternberg cells

common age: 15-30 and above 55

long term survival rate: above 80%

Question 7

non-hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 7

cancers of several types of lymphocytes including:
B,T,natural killer

all ages

any other cancer in lymph tissue

Question 8

lymphoma clinical manifestations

Answer 8

enlarged lymph nodes:
*moveable, nontender
*located where ever lymph nodes are

B symptoms have worse prognosis:
*fever, night sweats, weight loss

other symptoms depend on what it is pushing on

Question 9

lymphoma diagnostic testing

Answer 9

lymph node/ bone marrow biopsy

CBC, blood smear

PET scan

Question 10

lymphoma collaborative care
Tx

Answer 10

chemotherapy

radiation

Question 11

multiple myeloma ***

Answer 11

cancerous cell invade the bone marrow and destroys bone

more commone in men than women

onset is around 70 (older people)

Question 12

multiple myeloma clinical manifestations ***

Answer 12

CRAB:

hyperCalcemia

Renal dysfunction (protein urea)

Anemia

Bone destruction

also: immunoglobulins are reduces caucing immunocompromise

Question 13

multiple myeloma diagnostic testing ***

Answer 13

bone marrow biopsy

urine from bence-jones proteins

Question 14

multiple myeloma collaborative care
Tx
Complications of tx***

Answer 14

chemotherapy

stem cell transplant

tx complications:
*wear mask
*immunize for pneumonia
*hypercalcemia: bisphosphate, iv fluids, diuretics

Question 15

Bone marrow biopsy ***

Answer 15

preferred site: posterior iliac crest

physician, NP, PA can perform

local anesthesia/ moderate sedation

painful

risks: infection, bleeding

interventions:
wrap with a dressing
increased HR and decreased BP if their bleeding