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Hematology 2 - CEU MLS > Hematologic Malignancies > Flashcards

Hematologic Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

cancer of leukocytes?

cancer of lymphocytes?

cancer of plasma cells?

A

leukemia

lymphoma

multiple myeloma

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2
Q

lymphoid progenitor cells

A

lymphoblast

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3
Q

myeloid progenitor cells

A

myelobast

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4
Q

term used relating to blood and body tissues that make it

A

Hematologic

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5
Q

term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues

A

Malignancy

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6
Q

can spread to other body parts through blood and lymph systems

A

Malignant cells

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7
Q

abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should

A

Neoplasm

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8
Q

types of neoplasm

A

Benign neoplasm (not cancer)
Malignant neoplasm (cancer)

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9
Q

Hematologic Malignancies/Neoplasms include

A

leukemias
lymphomas
myelodysplastic syndromes (preleukemias)

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10
Q

Initiate in a hematopoietic cell as a result of acquisition of 1 or more mutations in key genes that regulate cell growth (proliferation), survival, differentiation, or maturation

A

Hematologic Malignancies/Neoplasms

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11
Q

Occur in hematopoietic cells of all lineages and at various stages of their development

A

Hematologic Malignancies/Neoplasms

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12
Q

T/F

Most hematologic neoplasms are localized

A

F

Most are SYSTEMIC at initiation of malignant process.

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13
Q

FACTORS RELATED TO OCCURRENCE OF LEUKEMIA

A

Genetic
Immunological factors
Viral and bacterial agents
Environmental exposure
Chemical and drug exposure
Occupational exposure
Secondary causes

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14
Q

top 5 killer-cancer in the Philippines

A

Leukemia

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15
Q

most common leukemia type? age groups affected? survival rate?

A

lymphoid leukemia

Filipino children and elderly over 70 y/o

5-year survival rate of only 5.2%

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16
Q

a disease, usually of leukocytes, in the blood and bone marrow? 2 forms of this disease?

A

LEUKEMIA

  1. Acute Leukemia
  2. Chronic Leukemia
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17
Q

Predominant cell type of Acute Leukemia

A

precursor cell or blast

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18
Q

Predominant cell type of Chronic Leukemia

A

Mature

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19
Q

Onset of Acute Leukemia

A

Sudden

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20
Q

Onset of Chronic Leukemia

A

Insidious

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21
Q

Symptoms of Acute Leukemia

A

Fever (neutropenia-induced infection)

Mucocutaneous bleeding (thrombocytopenia)

Fatigue (anemia)

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22
Q

Symptoms of Chronic Leukemia

A

Variable,
nonspecific; some
asymptomatic

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23
Q

Acute Leukemia WBC count

A

Variable

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24
Q

Chronic Leukemia WBC count

A

Increased

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25
Q

Acute Leukemia progression without treatment

A

Rapid; weeks to months

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26
Q

Chronic Leukemia progression without treatment

A

Slower; months to years

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27
Q

type of leukemia with symptoms of short duration

A

acute

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28
Q

type of leukemia with symptoms of long duration

A

chronic

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29
Q

type of leukemia with many immature cell forms in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood

A

acute

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30
Q

type of leukemia with mostly mature cell forms in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood

A

chronic

31
Q

type of leukemia with elevated total leukocyte count

A

acute

32
Q

type of leukemia with total leukocyte count that range from
extremely elevated to lower than normal

A

chronic

33
Q

general term for malignancy that starts in the lymph system, mainly in the lymph nodes? types?

A

LYMPHOMAS

  1. Hodgkin Lymphoma
  2. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
34
Q

Proliferation of malignant lymphocytes with a basophilic vacuolated cytoplasm with starry sky pattern due to numerous tangible body macrophage that are arrested at certain stages of maturation

A

HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

35
Q

Hallmark of HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

A

Reed-Sternberg cell

36
Q

large binucleated/multinucleated cell resembles owl’s eye appearance with each nucleus bearing a very large nucleolus

A

Reed-Sternberg cell

37
Q

NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA is aka

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

38
Q

Reed-Sternberg is absent but mixed population of
lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils and some plasma cells are present.

A

NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

39
Q

cells overgrows, forming a mass or tumor that is located in the bone marrow

A

MYELOMA

40
Q

Overproduction of various types of immature or mature leukocytes in BM and or peripheral blood

A

Leukemia

41
Q

Solid malignant tumors of lymph nodes

A

Lymphoma

42
Q

Overproduction of plasma cells in BM with concurrent abnormal production of proteins

A

Myeloma

43
Q

cell types in leukemia

A

leukocytes of myelogenous or lymphocytic cell type

44
Q

Site of malignant cells in leukemia

A

malignant cells freely trespass BB barrier

45
Q

Site of malignant cells in lymphoma

A

malignant cells initially confined to organs containing MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE CELLS (lymph nodes, spleen , liver, BM)

46
Q

Site of malignant cells in myeloma

A

Plasma cells forms a mass/tumor located in BM

47
Q

can spill over into the circulating blood and present a leukemic appearing picture on a PBS

A

Lymphomas

48
Q

LEUKEMIAS are derived from the ancient Greek words:

A

leukos - “white”
haima - “blood”

49
Q

rapid, clonal proliferation in bone marrow of lymphoid or myeloid progenitor cells known as lymphoblasts and myeloblasts, respectively

A

Acute leukemia

50
Q

T/F

When the proliferation of blasts overwhelms the bone marrow, blasts are seen in the peripheral blood and the patient’s symptoms reflect suppression of hematopoiesis

A

T

51
Q

T/F

For most cases of acute leukemia, the causes directly related to the development of the malignancy are UNKNOWN.

A

T

52
Q

exceptions that exist as cause of acute leukemia

A

toxins - induce genetic changes leading to a malignant phenotype

53
Q

Environmental exposures known to lead to hematopoietic malignancies

A

radiation
exposure to organic solvents (benzene)

54
Q

T/F

Rarely, leukemias can be seen in patients with known familial cancer predisposition syndromes

A

T

55
Q

Induced DNA damage in hematopoietic cells due to alkylating agents and other forms of chemotherapy

A

Therapy-related leukemias

56
Q

classification devised in the 1970s and 1980s

A

French-American-British (FAB) classification of acute leukemias

57
Q

based largely on morphologic characteristics and examination of routine histologic stain preparations to distinguish lymphoid neoplasms from myeloid neoplasms

A

French-American-British (FAB) Classification

58
Q

French-American-British (FAB) Classification is separated into 3 broad leukocytes groups

A
  1. Myelogenous
  2. Monocytic
  3. Lymphocytic
59
Q

Major types of leukocytic leukemias can be classified as acute or chronic according to leukocyte group in FAB Classification

A

▪ Acute or Chronic Myelogenous
▪ Acute or Chronic Monocytic
▪ Acute or Chronic Myelomonocytic
▪ Acute or chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

60
Q

Published in 2001 and updated in 2008 and 2016, in collaboration with the Society for Hematopathology and the European Association for Haematopathology

A

World Health Organization (WHO) Classification

61
Q

classification considers clinical features, morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics

A

World Health Organization (WHO) Classification

62
Q

Uses broad categories of mature lymphoid neoplasms, myeloid neoplasms, and acute leukemia

A

World Health Organization (WHO) Classification

63
Q

More precise classification of many of the leukocyte neoplasms based on recurring chromosomal and genetic lesions found in many patients.

A

World Health Organization (WHO) Classification

64
Q

Subtypes of ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIAS by FAB Classification

A

M0
M1
M2
M3
M4
M4eo
M5a
M5b
M6
M7

65
Q

Subtype:
Acute myeloid leukemia, minimally differentiated

A

M0

66
Q

Subtype:
Acute myeloid leukemia, without maturation

A

M1

67
Q

Subtype:
Acute myeloid leukemia, with maturation

A

M2

68
Q

Subtype:
Acute promyelocytic leukemia

A

M3

69
Q

Subtype:
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia

A

M4

70
Q

Subtype:
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia

A

M4eo

71
Q

Subtype:
Acute monocytic leukemia, poorly differentiated

A

M5a

72
Q

Subtype:
Acute monocytic leukemia, well differentiated

A

M5b

73
Q

Subtype:
Acute erythroleukemia

A

M6

74
Q

Subtype:
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia

A

M7

Hematology 2 - CEU MLS (4 decks)

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