Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dx Imaging II > Hematologic and Vascular Disorders > Flashcards

Hematologic and Vascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

death of osseous cellular and marrow components of bone

A

avascular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

synonyms for avascular necrosis

A
  • osteonecrosis
  • ischemic necrosis
  • osteochondrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what makes epiphyseal necrosis clinically evident

A

articular surface collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

etiology for AVN

A

spontaneous/idopathic MC others PLASTIC RAGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to marrow space pressure in AVN

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

AVN is caused by obstruction of extra- and intra- osseous vessels by (4)

A
  • arterial embolism
  • venous thrombus
  • traumatic disruption
  • external compression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

four stages of AVN

A
  • avascular
  • revascularization
  • repair
  • deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

obliteration of epiphyseal blood supply precipitating death of osteocyte and bone marrow cells occur during this phase of AVN

A

avascular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

growth is altered in which phase of AVN

A

avascular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in the avascular phase, epiphyseal and articular cartilage growth slows down or stops

A

FALSE; epiphyseal growth slows but articular cartilage growth continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in which phase of AVN does deposition and resorption of bone occur

A

revascularization phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

during revascularization phase of AVN, deposition occurs and new bone is deposited directly on dead bone, thickening traveculation and increasing density… phenomenon known as

A

creeping substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

resoprtion is secondary to ___, ___. ___ and produces bony fragmentation

A

phagocytosis, fibrosis, infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(phase of AVN) bony resorption replaced by bony deposition

A

repair and remodeling phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(phase of AVN) restitution of epiphysis to its normal configuration

A

deformity phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

residual deformity is due to

A

force exerted on necrotic bone during revascularization and repair phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

general radiological features of epiphyseal infarction (6)

A
  1. collapse of articular cortex
  2. fragmentation
  3. mottled trabecular pattern
  4. sclerosis
  5. subchondral cysts
  6. subchondral fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

represents impaction fracture of necrotic bone, loss of normal smooth contour

A

collapse of articular cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

manifestation of resorption and weakening, radiolucent clefts appear

A

fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

reveals thickened irregular pattern traversing necrotic areas

A

mottled trabecular pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mottled trabecular pattern is most likely seen in which phases of AVN

A
  • revascularization

- repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

occurs w revascularization of new bone, deposited around dead trabeculae. Typically occurs centrally, peripherally cortical margin or maybe a homogenous/patchy increase in density

A

sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

patchy well circumscribed areas of rarefaction identical to DJD cysts

A

subchondral cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

result from weakened subchondral bone, separates articular cortex from cancellous bone

A

subchondral fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

subchondral fractures have which radiological signs associated with them

A

crescent/rim sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

metaphyseal and diaphyseal infarcts MC locations

A

distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus. usually medullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

AVN of adult femoral head

A

chandler’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

who is more prone for chandler’s disease

A

4:1 males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

necrotic area tends to be wedged or semilunar shaped, apex centrally, involving anterior superior margin

A

bite sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

bite sign most likely indicates which disease

A

chandler’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

subchondral bone collapse is indicated by which sign

A

crescent sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

AVN of humeral head is indicated by which sign

A

snow cap sign

33
Q

healed AVN in femoral head is indicated by which sign

A

hanging rope sign

34
Q

articular deformity leading to early DJD, acetabular dysplasia, along with trochanteric overgrowth is indicative of

A

healed femoral head AVN

35
Q

AVN indiciated on MRI by loss of marrow signal on ___

A

T1

36
Q

AVN of femoral capital epiphysis before closure (in children)

A

legg-calve-perthes disease

37
Q

boys or girls more affected by legg-calve-perthes disease

A

boys 5:1

38
Q

symptoms of legg-calve-perthes

A
  • groin pain
  • limping
  • limitation of motion (abduction, internal rotation)
39
Q

radiographic findings for legg-calve-perthes disease (7)

A

1) ST swelling
2) small epiphysis (fragmented)
3) lateral displacement of ossification center
4) flattening, fissuring and fx of ossification center
5) metaphyseal widening and foreshortened
6) widened irregular physis
7) intraepiphyseal gas

40
Q

osteochondrosis dessicans of the tibia

A

osgood schlatter’s disease

41
Q

osteochondrosis dessicans MC location

A

knee - medial femoral condyle

42
Q

local, focal AVN

A

osteochondrosis dessicans

43
Q

what is the fragmetation due to osteochondrosis dessicans called

A

joint mice

44
Q

osteochondrosis dessicans normally ankle joint location

A

medial side of the talus

45
Q

fragmentation of the apophysis of the tibial tuberosity

A

osgood schlatter’s disease

46
Q

involvement of the inferior pole of the patellar

A

sindig-larsen-johanssen disease

47
Q

fragmentation and flattening deformity, usually of the seconds MTP joint

A

freiberg’s disease

48
Q

AVN of met heads, common in females, high heeled shoes

A

freiberg’s disease

49
Q

AVN of lunate

A

kienbock’s disease

50
Q

who is at risk for developing kienbock’s disease

A

individuals engaged in manual labor

51
Q

disease associated with ulna minus variant or negative ulnar variance (short ulna)

A

keinbock’s disease

52
Q

affects of kienbock’s disease

A
  • initial lunate increased density
  • later fragmentation and collapse
  • sclerosis and radiolucency mixture
  • flattening, collapse, and fragmentation
  • altered jt congruity and biomechanics precipitates DJD
53
Q

increased lunate density is an indication of

A

kienbock’s disease

54
Q

a short ulna indication of

A

keinbock’s disease

55
Q

patchy, homogenous sclerosis of navicular, collapse and fragmentation of tarsal/navicular

A

kohler’s disease

56
Q

thoraco-lumbar scheuermann’s disease

A

juvenile discongenic disease

57
Q

is severs disease a necrosis/AVN

A

no

58
Q

sclerosis and fragmentation of calcaneal apophysis represents normal anatomy

A

severs disease (phenomenon, not really a disease)

59
Q

serpiginous regions of calcification within the bone medulla that are usually associated with arteriosclerosis

A

calcified medullary infarct

60
Q

Ddx for calcified medullary infarct

A

enchondroma or chondrosarcoma

61
Q

MC hemolytic anemia

A

sickle cell anemia

62
Q

pain and swelling in hands and feet (hands and feet syndrome)

A

sickle cell anemia sx

63
Q

patients with sickle cell anemia have a predisposition to

A

salmonella osteomyelitis

64
Q

radiological findings for sickle cell anemia (6)

A

1) marrow hyperplasia
2) coarse trabeculation
3) osteopenia
4) hair on end skull
5) H shaped vertebrae
6) AVN

65
Q

hair on end skull indicative of

A

sickle cell anemia AND thalassemia*MC

66
Q

osteonecrosis due to sickle cell anemia where central VB infarcts and causes improper growth

A

H shaped vertebrae

67
Q

reynold’s phenomenon/H-shaped vertebra/lincoln log vertebrae/ indicative of

A

sickle cell anemia

68
Q

what should be done when H shaped vertebrae are seen on a radiograph

A

blood test for sickle cell anemia

69
Q

thalassemia aka

A

cooley’s anemia

70
Q

group of genetic blood disorders with abnormal Hb in people particularly of mediterranean origin

A

thalassemia

71
Q

Thalassemia radiographic findings

A
  • hair on end skull
  • rodent faces maxillary overgrowth
  • honeycomb trabeculae
  • E-flask deformity
  • marrow hyperplasia
72
Q

fatigue due to chronic anemia, splenomegaly, cardiomegaly, and gallstones is indicative of

A

thalassemia clinical presentation

73
Q

4 Hematological Diseases

A
  1. Sickle Cell Anemia (MC)
  2. Thalassemia
  3. Hemophilia
  4. Leukemia
74
Q

Radiographic findings of hemophelia (6)

A
  • ST intra-articular swelling
  • osteopenia
  • radiodense effusion
  • square femoral condyles
  • epiphyseal overgrowth
  • wide intercondylar notches
75
Q

X chromosome linked bleeding disorder - female carrier, manifests in males - present with joint pain

A

hemophilia

76
Q

Clinical presentation of fever, malaise, joint pain, easily bruised, spontaneous bleeding

A

leukemia

77
Q

malignant proliferation of WBCs

A

leukemia

78
Q

Radiological findings of leukemia

A
  • lucent submetaphyseal bands
  • growth arrest lines
  • osteopenia
  • periosteal rxns
  • osteolytic destruction of long bone met/diaphysis

Dx Imaging II (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions