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HEMA LAB MIDTERM > HEMATOCRIT > Flashcards

HEMATOCRIT Flashcards

1
Q

means to separate blood

A

hematocrit

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2
Q

This test directly measures the RBC mass.

A

hematocrit determination

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3
Q

importance of hematocrit determination

A

a good simple screening test for
anemia.

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4
Q

hematocrit also referred to as

A

packed cell volume, volume of erythrocytes or reading of packed cells

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5
Q

This test measures the
proportion of red blood cells to
plasma in the peripheral blood.

A

hematocrit

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6
Q

What are the materials for macrohematocrit

A
  • Wintrobe tube
  • Long stem pipette
  • Centrifuge
  • Anticoagulated blood
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7
Q

What is the size of the wintrobe tube?

A

11.5 mm length
2.5 bore

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8
Q

10-0 red mark

A

macrohematocrit

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9
Q

0-10 white mark

A

ESR

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10
Q

What is the procedure for macrohematorit?

A

mix > fill > centrifuge > read

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11
Q

hamtocrit formula

A

Hematocrit % =
𝑷𝒂𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 over
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 x 100

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12
Q

How to read the result?

A

read upward from 0 (bottom) to 10 (top)

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13
Q

What are the causes of false increase?

A

o Undercentrifugation
o Prolonged standing
o Inclusion of Buffy coat
o Improperly mixed
o Delay in reading (>10 mins)
o Improper use of reader
o RBC disorders

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14
Q

What are the causes of false decrease?

A

o Overcentrifugation
o Hemolyzed Sample
o Increased concentration of anticoagulant
o Improperly mixed
o Improper sealing
o Improper use of reader
o Plasma volume

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15
Q

reference value of hematocrit for male

A

40 -54 % or 0.40 – 0.54 L/ L

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16
Q

reference value of hematocrit for female

A

35 – 49 % or 0.35 – 0. 49 L/L

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17
Q

What are the material for microhematocrit

A
  • Capillary tube
  • Sealing clay
  • Microhematocrit reader
  • Microhematocrit centrifuge
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18
Q

What is the length of capillary tube

A

75 mm

19
Q

blue band

A

nonheparinized

20
Q

Red band

A

with anticoagulant

21
Q

Seal the colored end of tube with at least ______

A

4 mm

22
Q

Sources of error for microhematocrit

A
  • Incomplete sealing of the microhematocrit tubes - falsely low
    results
  • Inadequate centrifugation
  • Time and speed of centrifugation
  • Overanticoagulated
23
Q

manner of reporting for ESR

A

mm/hr

24
Q

ESR affected by 3 factors

A

o Red cells
o Plasma compositions
o Mechanical/technical factors

25
Q

Red cells repel each other because of what reason?

A

net negative charge

26
Q

reduced ability of RBCs to form large aggregates

A

Anisocytosis and poikilocytosis

27
Q

What causes of false increase

A
  • Pregnancy (after 3rd month)
  • Acute and chronic infections
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Nephrosis
  • Acute hepatitis
  • Menstruation
  • Tuberculosis
  • Macroglobulinemia
  • Cryoglobulinemia
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
28
Q

what causes of false decrease

A
  • Pregnancy (after 3rd month)
  • Acute and chronic infections
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Nephrosis
  • Acute hepatitis
  • Menstruation
  • Tuberculosis
  • Macroglobulinemia
  • Cryoglobulinemia
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
29
Q

nonspecific response to
tissue damage and inflammation and denotes the
presence of disease, but not its severity

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

30
Q

specimen for WINTROBE AND LANDSBERG METHOD

A

EDTA anticoagulated blood

31
Q

specimen for WESTERGREN METHOD

A

Citrated blood (0.109M trisodium citrate)

32
Q

reference value for westergren ESR

A

o Women: 0-15 mm/hr
o Men: 0-10 mm/hr
o Children: 0-10 mm/hr

33
Q

reference value for wintrobe ESR

A

o Women: 0-20 mm/hr
o Men: 0-9 mm/hr

34
Q

sources of error for ESR

A
  1. If concentration of EDTA is greater than
    recommended, the ESR will be falsely low.
  2. If the ESR stands for more than 60 minutes, the
    results will be falsely elevated.
  3. If it is timed for less than 60 minute, ESR will be low.
  4. Marked increase in temperature = Increased ESR.
  5. Marked decrease in temperature = Decreased ESR.
  6. Tilting increases sedimentation rate.
  7. Bubbles cause invalid results.
  8. Fibrin clots cause invalidate results
35
Q

sedimentation rate is slight

A

Initial rouleaux formation/lag phase

36
Q

sedimentation rate is slow because of the
accumulation of RBCs at the bottom of the tube.

A

Final sedimentation of RBCs

37
Q

sedimentation is
more rapid and constant

A

Rapid settling of RBCs/Rapid packing of
cells/decantation

38
Q

size of westergren

A

300.5 mm long (± 0.5 mm)
Tube bore 2.65 mm (± 0.15 mm)

39
Q

size of Wintrobe and Landsberg

A

o 115 mm long
o Tube bore 3 mm

40
Q

Single most important factor determining the ESR.

A

plasma factor

41
Q

Mechanical/Technical factors in ESR

A
  • A tilt of 3 degrees can cause errors up
    to 30%
  • The rack holding the tubes should not
    be subject to any movement of
    vibrations
  • Large changes in temperature –
    Increased temp = Increased ESR
42
Q

This leads to a larger mass and
an increased sedimentation
velocity

A

red blood cell factor

43
Q
A

HEMA LAB MIDTERM (1 decks)

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