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HEMA 2 > HEMA LEC - Prelims > Flashcards

HEMA LEC - Prelims Flashcards

1
Q

These are anucleated blood cells

A

Platelets/Thrombocytes

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2
Q

NV for platelet count

A

150-400 x 10^9/L

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3
Q

True or False

If >65 y/o, platelet count is higher in men

A

False

Equal men & women

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4
Q

True or False

Platelet count is slightly higher in women than in men

A

True

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5
Q

True or False

Platelet count is inversely proportional to bleeding

A

True

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6
Q

How many cells are there per 100x field?

A

7-21 cells

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7
Q

Ave. Diameter of platelets

A

2.5 micrometers

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8
Q

MPV of platelets

A

8-10 femtoliters

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9
Q

Lifespan of platelets

A

8-11 days

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10
Q

Platelets arise from?

A

Megakaryocytes

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11
Q

Megakaryocytes are best seen in?

A

Bone marrow aspirate

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12
Q

True or False

Monocytes are the largest cell in bone marrow

A

False
Largest cell in circulation
Megakaryocytes- largest in BM

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13
Q

Has a diameter of 30-50 micrometers & a multilobulated nucleus

A

Megakaryocytes

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14
Q

Largest cell in circulation can produce how many platelets?

A

0/none
Monocytes don’t produce platelets
Megakaryocytes can produce 2000-4000 platelets

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15
Q

Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte progenitor differentiates with the use of?

A

Hormone & cytokines

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16
Q

Least mature progenitor

A

BFU-meg

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17
Q

Capable of endomitosis

A

LD-CFU-Meg

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18
Q

Nuclear division without cytoplasmic division

A

Endomitosis

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19
Q

Series of stages in which microscopists begin to recognize their unique wright-stained morph

A

Terminal differentiation

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20
Q

Other stain used in terminal differentiation

A

H & E stain

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21
Q

Stage wherein there are plasma membrane blebs

A

MK 1/Megakaryoblast

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22
Q

What are the cytoplasmic struc developed in MK 1?

A

Procoag laden alpha granules
Dense granules
DMS

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23
Q

Series of membrane lined channels

A

Demarcation system

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24
Q

Nuclear lobularity 1st become apparent as an indentation at the 4N replication stage

A

MK II/Promegakaryocyte

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25
Q

Full ploidy

A

MK II

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26
Q

Marker of promegakaryocyte

A

CD 36

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27
Q

Nucleus is intensely indented & multi-lobulated

A

MK III/Megakaryocyte

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28
Q

Release of platelets

A

Platelet shedding

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29
Q

True or False

Platelet shedding happens in MK II

A

False. MK III

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30
Q

2 cytoplasmic division

A

Chromomere-central, granular

Hyalomere-surrounds chromomere, non-granular

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31
Q

TPO receptor site

A

MPL

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32
Q

Stem cell & common myeloid progenitor marker

A

CD 34

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33
Q

Marker for IIb portion of GP IIb/IIIa

A

CD 41

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34
Q

Marker for Ib portion of GP Ib/IX/V

A

CD 42

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35
Q

Primary source of TPO

A

Liver

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36
Q

TPO acts as ____ & ____

A

Hormone & ligand

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37
Q

True or False

Conc. of TPO is directly proportional to platelet & megakaryocyte mass

A

False

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38
Q

Acts with TPO to induce early differentiation of stem cells

A

IL-3

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39
Q

Acts in the presence of TPO to enhance endomitosis, megakaryocyte maturation & platelet release

A

IL-6 & IL-11

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40
Q

Stimulate platelet production of chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia

A

Neumega (Oprelvekin)

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41
Q

Other cytokines & hormones that participates synergistically with TPO & ILs

A

Stem cell factor/kit ligand
G-CSF
GM-CSF
Acetylcholinesterase-derived megakaryocyte growth stimulating peptide

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42
Q

Inhibits IN VITRO megakaryocyte growth

A

PF4
Beta-thromboglobulin
NAP 2
IL-8

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43
Q

Consists of granular cytoplasm with a membrane but without nucleus & other nuclear material

A

Platelets

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44
Q

Shape of platelets

A

Biconvex

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45
Q

Shape of platelets in EDTA

A

“Round up”

46
Q

Avail. Platelets in circulation

A

2/3

1/3 in spleen

47
Q

Sequestered platelets are avail. in times of:

A

Acute inflamm
After injury
Major surgery
Plateletpheresis

48
Q

True or False

Platelets move laterally with the WBC in the white pulp of spleen

A

True

49
Q

Also known as stress platelets

A

Reticulated platelets

50
Q

Appear in compensation for thrombocytopenia

A

Reticulated platelets

51
Q

MPV & diameter of stress platelets

A

12-14 fL

>6 micrometers

52
Q

Carry free ribosomes & fragments of rough ER

A

Reticulated platelets

53
Q

Used to visualize stress platelets
Nucleic acid dye that binds with RNA of ER
Provides quantitative eval. of retic platelets

A

Thiazole orange

54
Q

Ultrastruc. studied by:

A

Scanning & TEM
Flow cytometry
Molecular sequencing

55
Q

Composed of 60% protein, 30% lipid, 8% CHO

A

Platelet

56
Q

4 areas in platelet ultrastruc

A

Peripheral
Sol-gel
Organelle
Membranous

57
Q

Responsible for adhesion & aggregation

A

Peripheral zone

58
Q

Presence of microfilaments

A

Sol-gel zone

59
Q

Presence of alpha & dense granules

A

Organelle zone

60
Q

Site for arachidonic acid metabolism

A

Dense Tubular System

61
Q

For release of granules

A

Surface Cannalicular Connected System

62
Q

Selectively permeable

Bilayer composed of proteins & lipids

A

Platelet plasma membrane

63
Q

Predominant lipids

A

Phospholipids

Cholesterol

64
Q

Stabilizes the membrane
Maintain fluidity
Helps control transmembranous passage of materials

A

Cholesterol

65
Q

Forms basic struc

A

Phospholipids

66
Q

What are the neutral phospholipids?

A

Phosphatidylcholine

Sphingomyelin

67
Q

Predominant in plasma layer

A

Neutral phospholipids

68
Q

Predominant in the inner cytoplasmic layer

A

Anionic or polar phospholipids

69
Q

Flips to the outer surface on activation & where coag. enzymes assemble

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

70
Q

Supports surface glycosaminoglycans, oligosacc & glycolipids

A

Glycoproteins & Proteoglycans

71
Q

Absorbs albumin, fibrinogen & other plasma proteins

A

Glycocalyx

72
Q

Control center for platelet activation

A

DTS

73
Q

Remnant of rough ER & sequesters Ca & bears series of enzymes

A

DTS

74
Q

Enzymes that support plt. activation

A

Phospholipase A2
Cyclooxygenase
Thromboxane synthetase
Phospholipase C

75
Q

Inhibits cyclooxygenase

A

Aspirin

76
Q

Detects contraction of thrombosthenin

A

Clot Retraction Time (CRT)

77
Q

Maintains the platelet’s shape

A

Circumferential microtubules

78
Q

Connects with actin & tubules to maintain the platelet’s shape

A

Intermediate filaments (Desmin & Vimentin)

79
Q

Stain medium gray in TEM

A

Alpha granules

80
Q

Dye used in alpha granules

A

Osmium dye

81
Q

Proteins of alpha granules are:

A

Endocytosed
Stored in plts
Synthesized in megakaryocytes

82
Q

True or False

Content of alpha granules flows directly into the plasma

A

False
Flows in the nearby envi
Dense granules-directly

83
Q

Role of alpha granules

A

Adhesion
Aggregation
Plasma coag

84
Q

Dense granules stain ____ in TEM

A

Black (opaque)

85
Q

50-80 per platelet

A

Alpha granules

2-7 per platelet (dense)

86
Q

Digest vessel wall matrix & autophagic debris

A

Lysosomes of platelets

87
Q

Stains (+) for lysosomes in plts

A 
BACA
Beta glucoronidase
Aryl sulfatase
Catalase
Acid phosphatase
88
Q

Integrin alpha 5 beta 1

A

GP Ic/IIa

89
Q

Its ligands are VWF & Thrombin

A

GP Ib/IX/V

90
Q

Ligand for GP IV

A

Collagen & thrombospondin

91
Q

Ligands are fibrinogen & VWF

A

GP IIb/IIIa

92
Q

Platelet agonist

A 
Thrombin
TRAP
ADP
Epinephrine
Eicosanoid synthesis pathway
93
Q

Stimulate platelet secretion

A

TXA2

94
Q

What happens in bleeding time if there’s an intake of Aspirin?

A

Prolonged BT

95
Q

Process where plts stick to foreign surface receptors

A

Platelet Adhesion

96
Q

Receptor for VWF

A

GP Ib

97
Q

Absence of GP Ib

A

Bernard Soulier Syndrome (giant plts)

98
Q

Morphologic & functional changes in the plts

A

Platelet Activation

99
Q

Subs. that stimulate platelet activation

A

Agonist (ex: arachidonic acid)

100
Q

Platelet release the content of their granules

A

Platelet Secretion

101
Q

What are the dense granules?

A

Magnesium
Calcium
ADP & ATP
Serotonin

102
Q

Attachment of plts to each other

A

Platelet Aggregation (requires Ca & fibrinogen)

103
Q

Absence of GP IIb/IIIa

A

Glanzzmann’s thrombasthenia

104
Q

Control cellular activation of all cells

A

G proteins

105
Q

Binds GDP

A

Alpha beta gamma heterotrimers

106
Q

Key enzyme for Eicosanoid synthesis pathway

A

Phospholipase A2

107
Q

Key enzyme for IP3-DAG

A

Phospholipase C

108
Q

Accelerates adenylate cyclase

A

G1

109
Q

Activates Phospholipase C

A

Gq

110
Q

Activates protein kinase C

A

G12

111
Q

Accelerates Adenylate cyclase

A

Gs

112
Q

Second Messengers

A 
G proteins
Eicosanoid synthesis pathway
IP3-DAG
Adenylate cyclase
cAMP
Intracellular ionic calcium

HEMA 2 (2 decks)

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