Hema lec

Question 1

Begins at 5th – 6th week of gestation
 Liver becomes the major hematopoietic organ of early and mid-fetal life

Answer 1

Hepatic stage

Question 2

Happens during the 4th – 5th Month of Gestation
 Bone marrow - main site of cell production
 Hemoglobin A (Adult Hemoglobin)
o Consist of 2 alpha & 2 beta
globin chains o Predominant

Answer 2

Medullary stage

Question 3

Primary site of hematopoiesis

Answer 3

Yolk sac

Question 4

Day 19  8 weeks’ gestation
o Generates Erythrocytes, Macrophages, Platelets o Primitive Erythrocytes – large Nucleated cells 
embryonic hemoglobin
 Predominant type of hemoglobin:
 Gower 1, Gower 2, Portland

Answer 4

Primitive Hematopoiesis (Blood Islands)

Question 5

Begins1–2dayslaterthanprimitive hematopoiesis

Answer 5

Definitive erythropoiesis

Question 6

1st fully developed organ in the fetus

Answer 6

Thymus

Question 7

low granulocytic production
o Remains active in lymphopoiesis  Production of megakaryocytes begins

Answer 7

Spleen

Question 8

Predominant Type of
Hemoglobin

Answer 8

Hemoglobin F & Hemoglobin A

Question 9

HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE LOCATIONS:

Answer 9

1. Bone marrow 2. Lymph nodes 3. Spleen
2. Liver
3. Thymus

Question 10

BONE MARROW CONTAINS DEVELOPING:

Answer 10

1. Erythroid cells
2. Myeloid cells
3. Megakaryocytic cells
4. Lymphoid cells

Question 11

ADULT HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE
Lymphoid development occurs in both:

Answer 11

1. Primary Lymphoid Tissue
    Bone marrow & thymus [where T & B Lymphocytes are derived]
2. Secondary Lymphoid Tissue
    Spleen, lymph nodes & mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [lymphoid cells responds to foreign antigens]

Question 12

PRIMARY HEMATOPOIETIC ORGAN AND TISSUE
BONE MARROW

Answer 12

Yellow marrow
Red marrow

Question 13

Normally inactive
o Composed of fat (adipose) tissue

Answer 13

Yellow marrow

Question 14

Normally active
o Production of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and
thrombocytes

Answer 14

Red marrow

Question 15

marrow of all bones are red and
cellular

Answer 15

First few years of life

Question 16

red marrow  vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull bones, pelvis, proximal epiphyses of femur and humerus

Answer 16

By age of 18

Question 17

stimulates hematopoiesis
o Primarily produced in the kidneys

Answer 17

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 18

Major function of removing aging and damaged blood cells (e.g., senescent RBC)
 Contains the largest collection lymphocytes and macrophages
 Pancytopenia
o All blood cells are decreased
o Observed when there is Hypersplenism /
splenomegaly

Answer 18

SPLEEN

Question 19

ite of lymphocyte proliferation
 Filters particulate matter, bacteria or debris that enters the
node via the lymph fluid
 Participate in immune response to foreign antigens

Answer 19

LYMPH NODES

Question 20

Types of immunity

Answer 20

Natural/Innate/Non-specific immunity
 Acquired/Adaptive/Specific Immunity
o Active – natural / artificial (Ag)  Introduction of antigen
 Bodywillproduceantibodyagainstthe antigen
o Passive – natural / artificial (Ab)
 Antibodyisintroducedtothebody

Question 21

Subsets of Lymphocytes

Answer 21

T lymphocytes (T cells)
Blymphocytes(Bcells)

Question 22

More than 1/3 of the middle
 MCHC value is lower than normal

Answer 22

HypochromicRBC

Question 23

MCHC value is higher than
differentiated in the thymus
 Responsible for the production of CD4 / CD8 surface antigen
(markers)
o “T helper cells”
 Major function of removing aging and damaged blood cells (e.g., senescent RBC)
 Contains the largest collection lymphocytes and macrophages
 Pancytopenia
o All blood cells are decreased
o Observed when there is Hypersplenism /
splenomegaly
LYMPH NODES
 Site of lymphocyte proliferation
 Filters particulate matter, bacteria or debris that enters the
node via the lymph fluid
 Participate in immune response to foreign antigens
2 Types of immunity
 Natural/Innate/Non-specific immunity
 Acquired/Adaptive/Specific Immunity
o Active – natural / artificial (Ag)  Introduction of antigen
 Bodywillproduceantibodyagainstthe antigen
o Passive – natural / artificial (Ab)
 Antibodyisintroducedtothebody
Subsets of Lymphocytes
 T lymphocytes (T cells)
normal
 Ex. Hereditary Spherocytosis
o Almost no central pallor (spherocytes) o Due to the mutation
to the cytoskeleton marker
 Ankyrin
 Spectrin o Cannot fold itself to
pass through small blood vessels which may cause clogging

Answer 23

HyperchromicRBC

Question 24

Needed for the normal Hgb synthesis

Answer 24

Amino acids (proteins)

Question 25

For Hgb production

Answer 25

Iron