Hema 4 part 1

Question 2

What are purplish red pinpoint hemorrhagic spots less than 3mm in diameter called?

Answer 2

Petechiae

Caused by loss of capillary ability to withstand normal blood pressure and trauma, and abnormalities of platelets and blood vessels.

Question 3

What is the general term for all bruises from petechiae to ecchymoses?

Answer 3

Purpura

These are red areas in the skin greater than 3mm but less than 1cm that eventually turn purple then brownish yellow, caused by hemorrhage of blood into small areas of the skin.

Question 4

What is a form of purpura larger than 1 cm in diameter?

Answer 4

Ecchymosis

Question 5

What is the medical term for a nosebleed?

Answer 5

Epistaxis

Question 6

What is the term for leakage of blood into a joint cavity?

Answer 6

Hemarthrosis

Question 7

What is the term for vomiting of blood?

Answer 7

Hematemesis

Question 8

What is a raised or swelling area in the organ or tissue caused by blood leaking from an opening in a vessel?

Answer 8

Hematoma

Question 9

What is the term for red cells in urine?

Answer 9

Hematuria

Question 10

What is the term for hemoglobin in the urine?

Answer 10

Hemoglobinuria

Question 11

What is the term for expectoration of blood?

Answer 11

Hemoptysis

Question 12

What is the term for stool containing dark red or black blood?

Answer 12

Melena

Question 13

What is the term for excessive menstrual bleeding?

Answer 13

Menorrhagia

Question 14

What are bleeding disorders caused by vascular defects characterized by?

Answer 14

Non-thrombocytopenic purpura.

Question 15

What is the platelet count and screening test for coagulation factors in bleeding disorders caused by vascular defects?

Answer 15

Usually normal.

Question 16

What are some inherited connective tissue damages that can cause bleeding disorders?

Answer 16

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta.

Question 17

What are some acquired connective tissue damages that can cause bleeding disorders?

Answer 17

Scurvy, senile purpura, Cushing’s syndrome, and corticosteroid therapy.

Question 18

What are some inherited connective tissue defects?

Answer 18

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 19

What inheritance pattern is associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

Answer 19

Autosomal dominant

Question 20

What inheritance pattern is associated with Marfan syndrome?

Answer 20

Autosomal dominant

Question 21

What inheritance pattern is associated with Osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 21

Autosomal dominant

Question 22

What is the condition : hyper extensible joints & hyper elastic skin. Peptidase enzyme deficiency (conversts procolagen to colagen)
increased prologed bleeding time

Answer 22

Ehlers danlos

Question 24

What are connective tissues in camll arteries characterized by?

Answer 24

Elastic fibers that are calcified and structurally abnormal.

Question 25

What is the genetic inheritance pattern of pseudoxanthoma elasticum?

Answer 25

Autosomal recessive.

Question 26

What condition is associated with calcified elastic fibers in connective tissues?

Answer 26

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

Question 27

An autosomal dominant disorder carried by the FBN-1 gene, marked by long limbs and dislocated lenses, with increased or prolonged bleeding time.

Answer 27

Marfan syndrome

Question 28

A mutation in genes for polypeptides of collagen type 1

Answer 28

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 29

What are acquired defects in connective tissue?

Answer 29

Scurvy, senile purpura, Cushing syndrome, and corticosteroid therapy.

Question 30

What characterizes scurvy?

Answer 30

Decreased vitamin C level in plasma. ## Footnote Expected result in tourniquet test: scurvy.

Question 31

What causes senile purpura?

Answer 31

Degeneration of collagen due to aging.

Question 32

What results from excess glucocorticoids?

Answer 32

Excessive breakdown of collagen. ## Footnote Conditions: Cushing syndrome and corticosteroid therapy.

Question 33

What are altered vessels wall structures?

Answer 33

Altered vessels wall structures can be inherited or acquired.

Question 34

What inherited conditions are associated with altered vessels wall structures?

Answer 34

Inherited conditions include hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.

Question 35

What acquired conditions are associated with altered vessels wall structures?

Answer 35

Acquired conditions include diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis.

Question 36

What is hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?

Answer 36

A condition characterized by the presence of skin lesions due to **thin** dilated blood vessels that may bleed spontaneously or from minor trauma.

Question 37

What are the coagulation test results for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?

Answer 37

All tests for coagulation are normal.

Question 38

What is Kasabach-Merritt syndrome?

Answer 38

A disorder associated with tumors composed of vessels that commonly swell and bleed at the surface.

Question 39

What is amyloidosis?

Answer 39

Deposition of amyloid in the blood vessels.

Question 40

What is endothelial damage/vasculitis?

Answer 40

Inflammation of small blood vessels usually occurring when immune complexes attach to endothelial cells or underlying subendothelial structures and activate complement.

Question 41

What conditions are involved in endothelial damage/vasculitis?

Answer 41

Autoimmune vascular purpura, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, infectious purpura.

Question 42

What is highly associated with drug-induced and allergic purpura?

Answer 42

Autoimmune vascular purpura.

Question 43

What is Henoch-Schonlein purpura characterized by?

Answer 43

Abnormal pain due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Question 44

What causes infectious purpura?

Answer 44

Caused by strep and staph.

Question 45

What are miscellaneous causes of purpura?

Answer 45

Mechanical purpura, artificially induced purpura, easy bruising syndrome, purpura fulminans, psychogenic purpura.

Question 46

What is mechanical purpura?

Answer 46

Intense exercise, coughing, or seizures can cause petechial hemorrhage.

Question 47

What is artificially induced purpura?

Answer 47

Caused by accidents or abuse, overuse of anticoagulant drugs, or placing negative pressure on the skin.

Question 48

What is easy bruising syndrome?

Answer 48

Also called purpura simplex, it is a benign condition that commonly occurs in women.

Question 49

What is purpura fulminans?

Answer 49

Severe purpura seen in newborns.

Question 50

What is psychogenic purpura?

Answer 50

Coagulation tests are normal with severe recurrent erythema and ecchymosis associated with psychiatric illness.