Hema Flashcards
A rapidly progressive neoplasm derived from hematopoietic precursors, or myeloid stem cells that differentiates to monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets.
Most common type of acute leukemia in adult.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
H
H
Uncontrolled proliferation of immatuere cells (lymphoblasts) derived from the lymphoid system.
Most common childhood leukemia
Overall cure rate is more favourable in children than in adults.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
H
H
Characterized by the presend of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) translocated to chromosome 9; forms bcr-abl gene producing tyrokinase protein.
Arises from the mutation in the myeloid stem cell. Normal myeloid cells is produced but pathologic increse in the production of blast cells.
3 clinical phases: chronic 10%, accelerated 15%, blast crisis >20%
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
H
H
H
H
Excessive accumulation of mature leukemia cells in the bone marrow and circulation.
Common malignancy in older adults.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
The cancer cells are called Reed-Sternberg cells, an abnormal type of B lymphocytes.
Originates from lymphocytes in the lymphatic system.
Hodgkin Lymphoma
What is the infectious agent of these lymphoid malignancies?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Post-organ transplant lymphoma
Primary CNS diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Hodgkin’s disease
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
Epstein-Bare virus
What is the infectious agent of these lymphoid malignancies?
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
HTLV-I
What is the infectious agent of these lymphoid malignancies?
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Burkitt’s lymphoma
HIV
What is the infectious agent of these lymphoid malignancies?
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Hep C virus
What is the infectious agent of these lymphoid malignancies?
Gastric MALT lymphoma
H. pylori
What is the infectious agent of these lymphoid malignancies?
Primary effusion lymphoma
Multicentic Castleman’s disease
Human herpesvirus 8
A malignant proliferation of plasma cells derived from as single clone.
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Myeloma
What is/are the clinical finding/s of these underlting causes and pathogentic mechanisms?
Tumor exopansion, production of osteoclast activating factor by tumor cells, osteoblast inhibitory factors
Hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, pathologic fractures, lytic bone leions, bone pain
Multiple Myeloma
What is/are the clinical finding/s of these underlting causes and pathogentic mechanisms?
Hypercalcemia, light chain deposition, amyloidosis, urate neuropathy, drug toxicity (nonsteroidal antiinflammtory agents, bisphosphonates), contrast dye
Renal failure
Multiple Myeloma
What is/are the clinical finding/s of these underlting causes and pathogentic mechanisms?
Bone marrow infiltration, production of inhibitory factors, hemolysis, decreased red cell production, decreased erythropoietin levels
Easy fatigue/anemia
Multiple Myeloma
What is/are the clinical finding/s of these underlting causes and pathogentic mechanisms?
Hypogammaglobulinemia, low CD4 count, decreased neutrophila migration
Recurrent infection
Multiple Myeloma
What is/are the clinical finding/s of these underlting causes and pathogentic mechanisms?
Hyperviscosity, cryoglobulinemia, amyloid deposits, hypercalcemia, nerve compression, antineuronal antibody, POEMS syndrome, therapy-related toxicity
Neurologic symptoms
Multiple Myeloma
What is/are the clinical finding/s of these underlting causes and pathogentic mechanisms?
Renal failure, hypercalcemia
Nausea and vomiting
Multiple Myeloma
What is/are the clinical finding/s of these underlting causes and pathogentic mechanisms?
Interference with clotting factors, antibody to clotting factors, anyloid damage of endothelium, platelet dysfunction, antibody coating of platelet, therapy-related hypercoagulate defects
Bleeding/clotting disorder
