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Clinical Medicine > Hem/Onc > Flashcards

Hem/Onc Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of microcytic anemia?

A

Iron deficeincy

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2
Q

What is a normal MCV?

A

80 to 100

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3
Q

What is the MCV?

A

Mean corpuscular volume, tells you size and color

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4
Q

What is the MCH?

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, amount of circulating hemoglobin

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5
Q

What is a normal RBC in a male?

A

4.5 to 5.5

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6
Q

What is a normal RBC in a female?

A

4.0 to 4.9

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7
Q

Micrositic and hypochromic small RBC’s is a key sign of what?

A

Iron deficiency

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8
Q

What is a normal hemoglobin in a male?

A

13.5 to 16.5

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9
Q

Normal hemoglobin in female?

A

12.0 to 15.0

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10
Q

What percentage of the population has an abnormal lab values but are healthy?

A

5%

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11
Q

What are bands?

A

immature neutrophils

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12
Q

Do viral infections typically cause leukocytosis or leukopenia?

A

Leukopenia

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13
Q

Does aplastic anemia cause leukopenia or leukocytosis?

A

Leukopenia

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14
Q

What is considered a high leukocyte count in an adult?

A

11,000

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15
Q

Low leukocyte count in adult?

A

4,500

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16
Q

Where are erythroctes produced?

A

Bone marrow

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17
Q

What is the role of erythropoietin?

A

Differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells

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18
Q

What synthesizes erythropoietin?

A

Kidneys

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19
Q

What condition can stimulate the release of erythropoietin?

A

Hypoxia

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20
Q

Treatment for methemaglobin?

A

Methalymanie blue

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21
Q

What causes pain in sickle cell anemia?

A

Cells get lodged in the muscles due to their unsusual shape

22
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Different sizes of cells

23
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Elevated red cell count

24
Q

What is MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration?

A

Measurement of the average weight of hemoglobin per red blood cell, normal 31 to 37

25
Q

What is the top cause for a macrocytic MCV?

A

Folic acid deficiency or B12 deficiency

26
Q

What are reticulocytes?

A

Newly released anucleate red cells

27
Q

What does a reticulocyte count help you distinguish?

A

Inadequate production from accelerated destruction

28
Q

What does an increased absolute reticulocyte indicate?

A

Increased erthropoesis

29
Q

Why is the reticulocyte count high in hemolytic anemia?

A

RBC’s are being hemolyzed and the bone marrow is working overtime to make more

30
Q

What will the reticulocyte count be in aplastic anemia?

A

Low retic, marrow not working normally

31
Q

Retic count in Fe def?

A

Low, not enough iron to make red blood cells

32
Q

What is a left shift?

A

Indicates a high amount of bands and segs which are immature and mature forms of neutrophils. A left shift is present when >10 to 12 % are bands. Typically occurs with bacterial infections.

33
Q

What is an ESR?

A

Distance in mm erythrocytes fall in one hour

34
Q

Normal ESR?

A

0-20mm/hr in females, 0-15mm/hr in males

35
Q

What is the first step in identifying leukocytosis?

A

Check peripheral smear

36
Q

What would you order for someone with neutrophilia that you dont think is reactive?

A

FISH test

37
Q

What normally initiates clot formation?

A

Vascular injury

38
Q

What does a positive D Dimer indicate?

A

The presence of fibrin degradation products

39
Q

What are the components of primary hemostasis?

A

Collagen (vascular subendothelium)
Platelets
Von Willebrand factor
Fibrinogen

40
Q

The contact activation (intrinsic pathway) is activated b y?

A

damage to the cell surface

41
Q

Which clotting factor is prothrombin?

A

2

42
Q

What 4 clotting factors are produced by vitamin K?

A

II, VII, IX and X

43
Q

What condition occurs from lack of vitamin C?

A

Scurvey

44
Q

What is Henoch-Schonlein purpura?

A

Disease involving inflammation of the small blood vessels, commonly occurs in children

45
Q

What is the role of thrombin?

A

Activating fibrinogen to fibrin

46
Q

What is the normal level of platelets?

A

140,000-450,000

47
Q

How do platelets function?

A

They release secretory granules that release factors whihc amplify responses in the coagulation process.

48
Q

What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?

A

Von Willebrand Disease

49
Q

Where does bleeding primarily occur in patients with Von Willebrand?

A

Mucus membranes

50
Q

What is the most common cause of DIC?

A

Infection (Sepsis)

51
Q

What can cause DIC in obstetrics?

A

Retained products, septic abortion, placental abruption, amniotic fluid embolism.

52
Q

Common trigger of DIC?

A

exposure of blood to tissue factor

Clinical Medicine (1 decks)

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