Helping Relationships: Psychodynamic Psychotherapies Flashcards
Freud’s personality theory consists of two separate, but interrelated, theories.
Structural and Developmental theories
The assumption that personality is the result of an interplay of opposing forces within the person.
Psychodynamic
Freud’s theory that posits the personality with three structures
Structural theory
The three structures of the personality according to Freud.
The ego, the id, and the superego
Present at birth and consists of the individual’s unconscious instinctual drives or needs; serves as the source of all psychic energy.
The Id
The “id” is said to operate on the basis of this because it seeks immediate gratification of its needs in order to avoid tension.
Pleasure principle
Develops at about six months of age in response to the id’s inability to gratify all of its needs.
Ego
Ego operation basis which defers gratification of the id’s instincts until an appropriate object is available in reality
Reality principle
Involves forming a dream, hallucination, or other mental image of an object that would satisfy its needs.
Primary process thinking
Encompasses rational strategies as sensation, perception, logical thinking and memory.
Secondary process thinking
Emerges when the child is between four and five years of age and represents an internalization of society’s values and standards as conveyed to the child by his/her parents through their rewards and punishments.
Superego
Behaviors rewarded by the child’s parents becomes a part of this.
Ego ideal
Behaviors that are punished are incorporated into the child’s _________________.
Conscience
To reduce tension, it relies primarily on reflex actions and primary process thinking.
The Id
It’s primary task is to mediate the often conflicting demands of the id and reality and, once it has developed, the superego.
Ego
Attempts to permanently block the id’s socially-unacceptable drives.
Superego
Produces by a conflict between the id’s impulses and the demands of either reality or the superego.
Anxiety
They operate on an unconscious level and serve to deny or distort reality; what the ego resorts to when not able to resolve a conflict through rational, realistic means.
Defense mechanisms
Occurs when the id’s drives are excluded from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious; considered the most basic defense mechanisms.
Repression
Freud divided the mind into three areas?
Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious
Exhibited as a result of an unresolved conflict or other trauma during a particular stage of development; the person remains at that stage.
Fixation
Proposes that from birth to maturity, individuals pass through five stages of psychosexual development.
Freud’s Developmental theory
Occurs when a person retreats to an earlier, safer stage of development and behaves in ways characteristic of that stage.
Regression
When one incorporated into one’s ego system the picture of an object as one conceives the object to be; this is the process of assimilation.
Introjection
Involves attributing one’s own unacceptable instinctual needs to other people.
Projection
When a person avoids an anxiety-evoking instinct by expressing its opposite.
Reaction formation
Entails explaining one’s unacceptable behaviors in ways which make them appear rational and socially acceptable.
Rationalization
The transfer of an instinctual drive from its original target to a less threatening target so the drive can be more safely expressed.
Displacement
A type of displacement in which an unacceptable impulse is diverted into socially-acceptable, even admirable, activity.
Sublimation
