Helping Relationships

Question 1

Indivisible self

Answer 1

• Adler
• holistic concept
• person’s overall state of being (integration of mind, body, spirit)

Question 2

Self dimensions

Answer 2

• physical: exercise, nutrition
• essential (spirituality, gender/cultural identity, self care)
• social (friendship, love)
• coping (leisure, stress management, self worth)
• creative thinking (thinking, emotions, work)

Question 3

theories of resistance

Answer 3

-anxiety control (Freud): clients’ attempts to repress anxiety causing memories
-noncompliance (behavioral): lack of knowledge of behavior, negative expectations, undesirable
environment
-negative social influence: negative dynamic in therapeutic relationship, client’s desire for power in
relationship

Question 4

Five Factor Model

Answer 4

• “Big Five”
• personality constructed by 5 factors
• openness : imagination, awareness of emotions, new experiences versus conventional
• conscientiousness: plan carefully, responsible versus spontaneity, risk takers
• extroversion: social, outgoing, energetic versus spend time alone
• agreeableness: friendly, trusting, compassionate versus selfishness
• neuroticism: stable, regulate emotions versus imbalanced, anxious, depressed

Question 5

Stages of Counseling

Answer 5

• relationship building: open, trusting, collaborative relationship, clarify roles
• action/intervention: devise specific, attainable, observable goals, conduct assessment
• termination: initiated after clients have reached goals

Question 6

Triadic Dependent Model

Answer 6

• consultant, consultee, client
• consultee seeks advice from consultant about the client
• consultee puts consultant’s recommendations into action

Question 7

Collaborative Dependent Model

Answer 7

• consultant and consultee
• both parties contribute skills to resolve a problem
• school worker and teacher meet to discuss problematic student

Question 8

Collaborative Interdependent Model

Answer 8

• everyone holds equal authority and depends on the knowledge of others
• community team of teachers, social workers, counselors, students, parents

Question 9

Consultation Process

Answer 9

• consultant and consultee
• consultant explains consultation process to consultee
• identifies problems, sets a goal, brainstorms and implements solutions, termination

Question 10

Psychological First Aid Steps

Answer 10

• meet most basic needs (food, water, shelter)
• provide developmentally appropriate information about situation
• connect survivors to family and friends
• connect survivors to community organizations (housing, medical evaluation, psychological support)

Question 11

Basic counseling skills

Answer 11

attending, reflecting, paraphrasing, summarizing, confronting, interpreting, self disclosure, feedback, giving info

Question 12

determinism

Answer 12

• Freud’s psychoanalysis
• people’s actions are predetermined by forces they are not aware of
• disorders stem from unconscious conflicts and repressed desires

Question 13

Conscious mind

Answer 13

aware of everything occurring in the present

Question 14

preconscious mind

Answer 14

combination of conscious and unconscious minds, can recall memories

Question 15

unconscious mind

Answer 15

memories, instincts, drives

Question 16

id

Answer 16

from birth

• pleasure principle
• selfish, primitive drives

Question 17

ego

Answer 17

reality principle

• balances id and superego
• keeps from being too indulgent or too restrained

Question 18

superego

Answer 18

morality principle

- unconscious, conscience, expects perfection

Question 19

free association

Answer 19

(Psychoanalysis)

speaks about early life memories without thinking

Question 20

dream analysis

Answer 20

manifest content: symbolism in dreams, meanings easily perceived

latent content: symbolism is harder to understand/interpret

Question 21

Ego Psychology

Answer 21

• Neo-Freudian
• Heinz Hartmann
• ego could act free from the id and superego under favorable conditions

Question 22

Interpersonal Psychoanalysis

Answer 22

• Neo-Freudian
• Henry Stack Sullivan
• mental disorders stem from dysfunctional patterns of interpersonal interactions

Question 23

Object Relations

Answer 23

• Neo-Freudian

- personalities are developed through early parent-child interactions

Question 24

Self Psychology

Answer 24

• Neo-Freudian
• Heinz Kohut
• disorders stem from unsatisfied developmental needs
• benefit more from empathy than interpretation

Question 25

inferiority complex

Answer 25

• (Individual psychology/Adlerian)

- feeling inferior to others, leads to overcompensation

Question 26

superiority complex

Answer 26

• (Individual psychology/Adlerian)

- stems from overcompensation

Question 27

birth order

Answer 27

• (Individual psychology/Adlerian)
• influences personality development
• first borns – leader, can take over familial responsibilities
• second – strive to differentiate from firstborns, competitive, relaxed, easygoing
• middle – feel left out, want more parental attention, best adapters to new situations
• youngest – pampered, spoiled, hard time acting independently
• only child – not as socially adept as other children, spoiled, excel in pursuits

Question 28

phenomenological

Answer 28

• (Individual psychology/Adlerian)
• person’s lifestyle is established by age 5 as a result of person’s perceptions of early life experiences and interactions with family unit

Question 29

fictions

Answer 29

• (Individual psychology/Adlerian)

- people’s beliefs about themselves and others that are false