Helpful Tips Flashcards
Less cardiac output basically means that the body will receive… (general)
Less O2 to the body
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
D for distended and thin heart muscles, kinda like a balloon
like a big saggy sock.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
R for “Rock Hard” and “Rigid”
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
H is for “Huge trophy-like” big and thick heart muscles
In cardiomyopathies, what is primary and secondary
primary means it develops by itself
secondary means it is usu caused by HTN or some kind of valve dz
what is preload?
filling and stretching (diastole)
what is after load?
pressure to pump against (systole)
less cardiac OUTput equals
less oxygen OUT to the body
in heart failure, there is left sided and right sided heart failure. “L” for left heart, just remember it affects the __________. “R” for Right heart, remember it ___________.
“L” lungs filled with fluid and crackles and pulmonary edema
“R” rocks the body with fluid = edema, ascites, JVD
In Dilated Cardiomyopathy what are some tell tale signs?
Regurgitation (MV and TV valves)
Narrow pulse pressure (when systolic and diastolic pressures are closer together 110 over 90 for example)
S3 murmur
*wanna see how thin the heart muscles are on echo, get their ejection fraction…. 40% or less is bad!
in terms of pharmacology for the heart, “ace inhibitor” drugs end in what letters… and what do they do for heart (generally)
end in “-pril” like lisinoPRIL
its like a chillPRIL fro the heart
“calms heart”
drop the BP and take pressure off heart
in terms of pharmacology for the heart, “beta blockers” do what and how can you remember the drugs
beta blockers “block the beats” on the heart
like pumping the brakes on the heart
slow the heart rate down
drugs end in -LOL like “atenoLOL”
in terms of pharmacology for the heart, “calcium channel blockers” do what and how can you remember the drugs
C for “calms the heart”
-DIPINE (think decline like BP declines… NifeDIPINE
-ZEM (think “Zen” because its so calming to BP and heart, lowers BP)… DiltiaZEM
-AMIL… VerapAMIL
in terms of pharmacology for the heart, “digoxin” does what and how can you remember the drugs
gives a deep contraction.. or increased contractility
slows heart rate aka negative chronotropic… “chrono” means time so negative time means less beats per minute
So “D” for “deep contraction” or “DIG” because it “digs for that deeper contraction
Digoxin toxicity is a thing though. Check patient first (if nurse)
In REstrictive cardiomyopathy the heart is having these “RE” problems
“Refill” problems
the heart is having “REfill problems” that’s how u can remember
heart muscles are thick and stiff, like a brick wall. ventricles can’t stretch and get blood in…. they can’t refill. can be due to genetics or scar tissue buildup
In terms of Restrictive cardiomyopathy and its origins, it all comes down to the 2 “D’s”
- Darn genetics lol
- particles that deposit into heart muscle itself, proteins… aka amyloidosis or small areas of inflamed tissue aka sarcoidosis… or iron particles are deposited called Hemochromatosis
and - Damage to heart (radiation)
lots of chest X-rays and CT scans can cause scar tissue to heart from radiation
normal EF usu though, echo can look normal
In Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.. very deadly.. due to
big thick cardiac muscle starts to grow… grows enough to cause obstruction to the AoV… so NO oxygenated blood can get out to the body!!!!! Brain death, heart death, sudden death.
Exercise can cause more bulging out of heart muscle so kids and people can suddenly die if they have this condition
Diagnostic clues for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
systolic ejection murmur, caused when “bearing down”
CXR looks normal
Echo - septal wall thickening… a big trophy in the middle of the heart…
kids are screened for this at a very young age
