help mee

Question 1

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Answer 1

cognition

Question 2

cognition about our cognition; keeping track of and evaluating our mental processes

Answer 2

metacognition

Question 3

mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Answer 3

concept

Question 4

a mental image or best example of a category

Answer 4

prototype

Question 5

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Answer 5

schema

Question 6

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Answer 6

assimilation

Question 7

adapting our current schemas (understandings) to incorporate new information

Answer 7

accommodation

Question 8

the ability to produce new and valuable ideas

Answer 8

creativity

Question 9

narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Answer 9

convergent thinking

Question 10

expanding the number of possible problem solutions

Answer 10

divergent thinking

Question 11

cognitive skills that work together, enabling us to generate, organize, plan, and implement goal-directed behavior

Answer 11

executive functions

Question 12

a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Answer 12

algorithms

Question 13

a simple thinking strategy – a metal shortcut – that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

Answer 13

heuristic

Question 14

a sudden realization of a problem’s solution

Answer 14

insight

Question 15

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Answer 15

confirmation bias

Question 16

in cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem solving

Answer 16

fixation

Question 17

a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Answer 17

mental set

Question 18

an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought

Answer 18

intuition

Question 19

judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes

Answer 19

representative heuristic

Question 20

judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Answer 20

availability heuristic

Question 21

the tendency to be more confident than correct – to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

Answer 21

overconfidence

Question 22

the persistence of one’s initial conception even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Answer 22

belief perseverance

Question 23

the way an issue is posed

Answer 23

framing

Question 24

framing choices in a way that encourages people to make beneficial decisions

Answer 24

nudge