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ZEN 251 > Helminths of Medical & Veterinary Importance > Flashcards

Helminths of Medical & Veterinary Importance Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonosis

A

Refers to a disease / infection / infestation which is naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans

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2
Q

Anthropozoonosis

A

Infections acquired by humans from other vertebrates

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3
Q

Zooanthroponosis

A

Infections primarily of human origin that are acquired by other vertebrates

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4
Q

Trematoda (flukes) (class)
Egg

A
  • Shed in faeces or urine
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5
Q

Fasciola (Genus)
Liver Fluke
Give the Species and their definitive hosts

A

Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica

Small stock / cattle + Pig/Horse (rare) + Humans

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6
Q

Fasciola (Genus)
Liver Fluke
Give the Genus of the infective host

A

Lymnaea
( aquatic or freshwater snails)

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7
Q

Fasciola (Genus)
Liver Fluke
Give the Predilection site

A

Bile ducts

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8
Q

Fasciola (Genus)
Liver Fluke
Explain the Parasitic development (DH)

A
  • Excystment of metacercariae and penetration of intestinal
    wall
  • Migration of juvenile flukes in peritoneal cavity
  • Migration in liver parenchyma
  • Growth to maturity in bile ducts
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9
Q

Fasciola (Genus)
Liver Fluke
Give the Characters of adult worms

A

 2-7.5 cm long + 3-15 mm wide
 Dorsoventrally flattened
 Leaf-shaped
 Brown greyish
 Conical anterior end

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10
Q

Fasciola (Genus)
Liver Fluke
Give the Characters of the eggs

A

 Oval
 Large-sized
 Contain fine granular material
 Yellowish-brown
 Thin-shelled
 Indistinct operculum

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11
Q

Fasciola (Genus)
Liver Fluke
Importance

A

-One of the economically most important helminth
infections of ruminants in SA
-Anthropozoonosis (vegetables grown in snail-infested
habitats grazed by ruminants)
-no treatment available for human infections

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12
Q

Schistosoma (Genus)
Blood fluke
Give the Species and their definitive hosts

A
  • Schistosoma haematobium
  • Schistosoma mansoni
    HUMANS
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13
Q

Schistosoma (Genus)
Blood fluke
Give the Genus of the infective host

A

Bulinus
Aquatic freshwater snails

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14
Q

Schistosoma (Genus)
Blood fluke
Give the infective stage

A

Cercaria

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15
Q

Schistosoma (Genus)
Blood fluke
Infection

A

Percutaneous + Ingestion of cercariae
Cercaria penetrates skin

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16
Q

Schistosoma (Genus)
Blood fluke
Characters (adult worms)

A

 Elongate
 Unisexual and dimorphic
♀ Cylindrical
♂ Longitudinally curved (‘gutter’)
 Always encountered in pairs

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17
Q

Schistosoma (Genus)
Blood fluke
Characters (eggs)

A

 Spindle-shaped
 Large-sized

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18
Q

Schistosoma (Genus)
Blood fluke
Clinical Signs of Schistosoma haematobium

A
  • Haematuria (blood in urine)
  • Tissue reactions to retained eggs (granuloma formation in bladder - malignant
    neoplasia)
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19
Q

Schistosoma (Genus)
Blood fluke
Clinical Signs of Schistosoma mansoni

A
  • Blood in stool
  • Tissue reactions to retained eggs (granuloma formation in liver - occlusion of
    intrahepatic portal veins)
20
Q

Cestoda (tape-worms) (class)
Describe the head Strobilar stage - Scolex

A

 Spherical
 Four suckers (acetabula)
 With or w/o protrusible rostellum armed with hooks

21
Q

Cestoda (tape-worms) (class)
Describe the Strobila

A

 Chain of proglottids
 Each proglottid with 1 or 2 sets of ♂ and ♀ sexual organs
 Gravid proglottids
- Contain embryonated (infective) eggs

22
Q

Cestoda (tape-worms) (class)
What are the metacestode types?

A

 Cysticercoid
 Cysticercus (measle)
 Hydatid, hydatid cyst

23
Q

Dipylidium caninum
Infective host?

A

Fleas + Lice
Ctenocephalides felis

24
Q

Taeniidae (Genus)
Definitive host?

A

Humans: Taenia solium + Taenia saginata

carnivores: Echinococcus granulosus

25
Q

Taeniidae (Genus)
Intermediate host?

A

Small stock / Cattle / Pig: Taenia spp. + Echinococcus granulosus

26
Q

Taeniid eggs
Characteristics

A

Cannot be differentiated
morphologically or morphometrically
to genus or species level
Spherical
Small-sized

27
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

28
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

29
Q

Cysticercus cellulosae

A

Pork measles

30
Q

Does Taenia solium or Taenia saginata have an armed rostellum on the scolex?

A

Taenia solium

31
Q

Cysticercus bovis

A

Beef measles

32
Q

Are humans an accidental host for Taenia solium or Taenia saginata?

A

Taenia solium

33
Q

Hydatid disease in humans caused by?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

34
Q

Nematoda (Roundworms)
which larval stage is infectious for DH

A

3rd larval stage

35
Q

Nematoda (Roundworms)
which larval stage is infectious for IH

A

1st larval stage

36
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) definitive host

37
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm) predilection site

A

Upper small intestine

38
Q

Ancylostoma (hookworm)
predilection site

A

small intestine

39
Q

Ascarsis (Genus)
give the species and definitive hosts

A

Ascarsis suum - pig
Ascarsis lumbricoides - man

40
Q

Toxocara (Genus)
what do these eggs look like

A

Golf balls

41
Q

Loa loa vector?

42
Q

Can Loa loa be found in the eye
Yes
No

43
Q

What causes elephantiasis?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

44
Q

What causes river blindness?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

45
Q

Vector of river blindness?

A

Simulium (Black fly)

46
Q

What is whipworm?

A

Trichurus trichiura

47
Q

What do the whipworm eggs look like?

ZEN 251 (4 decks)

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