Helminthology Flashcards
Moniezia expnasa
Diphyllobothrium latum - Broad or fish tapeworm
- One set of genitalia
- genital openings are on the middle line of proglottids
Dipylidium caninum - flea or cucumber tapeworm
- anapolytic: can move in feces and push eggs out
Moniezia expansa
- triangular shape
- 6 hooked oncoshophere is central
Lancet fluke egg
- detected by flotation
- with two eye-like excretory cells of the miracidium inside.
- the egg is hard-shelled
Liver fluke: big lesions
Lancet fluke: smaller lesions
2nd larval form: sporocyst, produces redia
- develops in the body of the snail
Moniezia benedeni
- quadrangular eggs
- 6 hooked oncoshaera is eccentric
Liver: big lesions: T. tenuicollis.
Small lesions: pisiformis / echinococcus
Strobilocercus fasciolaris
- with seperated bladders
- in liver of rodents
only taenia that can infect cats
Egg of rumen fluke
- unembryonated egg. collected from fresh feces
- the eccentric zygote is surrounded by coarse yolk granules
primary biotope for intermediate host snail of liver fluke
Liver fluke adult, hemorrhages
Cysticercus longicollus
- short neck
- predilection site: body cavity of rodents
Lancet fluke adult
- food source: absorbs nutrients from bile
- two larger testicles and the smaller ovary are behind the ventral sucker while yolk glands are lined up on both sides of the worm
Egg of liver fluke
- non-embryonated egg. observed in fresh feces.
- the eccentric zygote is surronded by a finely granulated yolk
Liver fluke with blood inside
Blood fluke, egg
Cercaria of Fasciola hepatica
- develops inside the body of a redia
- after rain the cercaria swarm out of the snail and swim to find a solid surface.
- cercariae attaches to vegetation, shed their tail and encyst as metacercariae (the infective stage)
Egg of anoplocephala
Anoplocephala
Cercaria of blood fluke
Schematic drawing of T.multiceps
Galba truncatula with metacercariae around
Liver fluke. food source: blood
Heart, can be Su or Bo
- Cysticercus cellulosa or c. bovis
Hemorrhages on liver due to larval migration (similar to liver fluke)
C. pisiformis
Taenia type egg (thick wall)
Small rodent: foamy cyst/bladders, connected to eachother
–> E. multicolaris
E. hydatisus
Cirrhosis, hemorrhages
C. tenuicollis
Echinococcus granulosus
- 3 segments, adult
- Larvae: e. hydatidosus
- armed scolex with 4 suckers and hooked rostrellum
- one set of genitalia
- E. granulosus predilection site of larvae:
- most parenchymal organs and bone marrow
- Liver: in cattle, pig, horse, humans
- Lungs: in sheep and goat
Miracidium: free-living, wants to infect snails
- developed from zygote containing eggs in water usually within 2 weeks
- larva hatches and swims in water to find and penetrate into a freshwater snail
Formica spp., ant
secondary intermediate host of lancet flukes
Liver surface
- C. pisiformis
Liver fluke egg: aber/goldish with operculum
small: lancet fluke
Big: liver fluke
Adult tapeworms
Hemorrhages, liver fluke
C. tenuicollis/C. pisiformis
- differntiate based on size
Brain
- T. muticeps
Cysticercus
soil mites with cysticercoid inside the body cavity
Rumen fluke cross section
- Paramphistomum (I.H: planorbids - freshwater snails)
- Calicophoron (I.H: Galba truncatula
- It has eggs and not intestine containing blood
- Morphology: Bean like, reddish worms having a sucker on the oral end and another bigger on the opposite end
- Similar lifecycle as liver fluke. except Juvenile fluke never leave the intestinal canal.
- Definite host:
- Cattle: C. daubneyi
- Sheep and goat: P. cervi
secondary biotope for liver flukes
- main source of heavy fasciolosis
Rumen fluke cross-section
- Paramphistomum (I.H: planorbids - freshwater snails)
- Calicophoron (I.H: Galba truncatula
- Morphology: Bean like, reddish worms having a sucker on the oral end and another bigger on the opposite end
- Similar lifecycle as liver fluke. except Juvenile fluke never leave the intestinal canal.
- Definite host:
- Cattle: C. daubneyi
- Sheep and goat: P. cervi
Rumen fluke
- Paramphistomum (I.H: planorbids - freshwater snails)
- Calicophoron (I.H: Galba truncatula
- Morphology: Bean like, reddish worms having a sucker on the oral end and another bigger on the opposite end
- Similar lifecycle as liver fluke. except Juvenile fluke never leave the intestinal canal.
- Definite host:
- Cattle: C. daubneyi
- Sheep and goat: P. cervi
adult blood fluke (male big, female small)
Lancet Fluke in liver
- Dicrocoelium dendriticum
- lives in hyperthrophic biliary ducts of the liver.
- I.H: 1st: small landsnails. 2nd: formica genus
- Life cycle:
- adult worms produce eggs, shed in the feces, contains miracidium
- egg eaten by landsnail -> miracidum hatches
- Larva hatches in the intestine of snail and develops into sporocyst
- the sporocyst produces more generations of daughter-sporocysts
- inside the sporocyst, cercaria develops by asexual budding (padeogenesis). Cercaria hava long tail and a stylet on the head.
- Cercariae leave the snail by its expelled mucous
- the ants ingest the mucos and then they get infected with the larval lancet fluke
- after penetration of the intestine the larvae turn into metacercaria
- reach the ganglion of the ants -> modify their behaviour
- grazing animals ingest the ants
- encapsulated metacercariae gets out of their own capsule in the small intstine of the final host and turn into juvnile flukes
- emerging juvenile flukes reach the liver through the biliary ducts and then develops into adults.
Evaginated cycticercus
Adult rumen fluke in rumen
- Paramphistomum (I.H: planorbids - freshwater snails)
- Calicophoron (I.H: Galba truncatula
- Similar lifecycle as liver fluke. except Juvenile fluke never leave the intestinal canal.
- Definite host:
- Cattle: C. daubneyi
- Sheep and goat: P. cervi
skeletal muscle
C.ovis/c.cervi
Rumen fluke cross-section
- Paramphistomum (I.H: planorbids - freshwater snails)
- Calicophoron (I.H: Galba truncatula
- Morphology: Bean like, reddish worms having a sucker on the oral end and another bigger on the opposite end
- Similar lifecycle as liver fluke. except Juvenile fluke never leave the intestinal canal.
- Definite host:
- Cattle: C. daubneyi
- Sheep and goat: P. cervi
tapeworm egg w oncoshphere
The scolex of a Taenia species usually have strong hooks on the rostrellum.
two suckers
Redia
- the third larval form, develops by asexual budding in the sporocyst
- redia has amouth and a blind sac of intestine and actively consume the tissue of the snail host.
- after some time the cercariae (4th larval stage) develops inside the body of redia
E. multicolaris (alveolaris)
Gall bladder: adult liver fluke
- Life cycle:
Diplydium caninum - flea or cucumber tapeworm
- 2 sets of genitalia
- genital openings on both sides of the longitudinally narrow proglittids
Hydatid cyst, E.graulosus (thick wall)
