Helminthes

Question 1

Schistosomiasis spp. (mansoni, japonicum, hematobium):
Mode
Site
Diagnosis

Answer 1

Direct skin penetration by cecariae (blood worm)
Mansoni and japonicum - intestinal blood vessels; hematobium - urinary bladder blood vessel
Mansoni - eggs in feces, large lateral spine; japonicum - eggs in feces, rudimentary lateral spine; hematobium - eggs in urine, terminal spine

Question 2

Hermaphroditic flukes:
Definitive host
First intermediate host
Second intermediate host

Answer 2

Mammals
Snails
Fish, crustaceans, vegetables

Question 3

Schistosomiasis

Answer 3

direct skin penetration (swimmer’s itch)

eggs in feces (rudimentary lateral spine– hematobium) and huger lateral spine (mansoni and japonicum)

Question 4

Source and Site of Flukes:
Paragonimus westermanii
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciola hepatica
Heterophyes heterophyes
Fasciolopsis buski

Answer 4

Crab; lung
Fish (sushi); liver
Plants (vegetables); liver
Fish (sushi); intestine
Plants (vegetables); intestine

Question 5

Diphylobothrium latum:
Classification
Size
Source
Site
Diagnosis
Complication

Answer 5

Platyhelminth, cestode - fish tapeworm
Very big (30 feet)
Raw fish
Intestine
Segments shed off in stool
B12 deficiency leading to megaloblastic anemia

Question 6

Taeniasis saginata:
Common name
Source
Site
Diagnosis
Disease

Answer 6

Beef tapeworm
Beef, pork
Intestine
Eggs or proglottids in feces
Taeniasis

Question 7

Taeniasis solium:
Common name
Source
Site
Diagnosis
Disease

Answer 7

Pork tapeworm
Ingestion of eggs (pork)
Tissue
Eggs or proglottids in feces
Cysticercosis

Question 8

Echinococcus granulosus and multilocularis:
Mode
Site
Diagnosis
Disease
Common name

Answer 8

Ingestion of eggs
Hyatid cysts in tissues
Lesions on X-ray or scan
Hyatid disease
Dog tapeworm

Question 9

Ascaris lumbricoides:
Mode
Site
Diagnosis
Common name
Other information

Answer 9

Ingestion of eggs
Adult in intestine
Large, thick-walled eggs in feces
THE roundworm
Most common human infection worldwide

Question 10

Strongyloides sterocoralis:
Larvae production
Mode
Life cycle

Answer 10

Threadworm
skin penetration (no eggs), intestine

Question 11

Ancylostoma duodenale:
Mode
Site
Diagnosis
Common name

Answer 11

Penetration of bare foot
Attach to intestine
Eggs in feces
Hookworm

Question 12

Enterobius vermicularis:
Mode
Site
Diagnosis
Common name
Other information

Answer 12

Ingestion of eggs
Intestine
Eggs on rectum (Scotch Tape)
Pinworm
Common in children

Question 13

Trichuris trichura:
Mode
Site
Diagnosis
Common name
Other information

Answer 13

Ingestion of eggs
Intestine
Eggs in feces
Whipworm
May cause rectal prolapse

Question 14

Trichinella spiralis:
Mode
Site
Diagnosis
Common name
Other information

Answer 14

Ingestion of cysts in infected meat
Adult in intestine
Larvae form cysts in muscle (muscle pain and biopsy)
Porkworm
No eggs or larvae produced (external phase); transmission by carnivorism

Question 15

Necator americanus:
Mode
Site
Diagnosis
Common name

Answer 15

Penetration of bare foot
Attach to intestine
Eggs in feces
Hookworm

Question 16

Name the sources of these tissue nematodes (filaria):
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Dracunculus medinensis

Answer 16

Mosquito
Mosquito
Mosquito
Deer fly
Black fly
Water flea

Question 17

Wuchereria bancrofti:
Disease
Onset

Answer 17

Causes elephantiasis

mosquito

Question 18

Onchocerca volvulus:
Mode
Site
Diagnosis
Disease

Answer 18

Bite from vector (black fly breeds in river)
Larvae in subcutaneous tissue
Nodulectomy (skin snip)
Dermatitis or [river] blindness