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Intro to Ancient Greek History > Hellenistic World > Flashcards

Hellenistic World Flashcards

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1
Q

What types of transformation took place with the Hellenistic World?

A

Geographical

Cultural

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2
Q

What’s an example of the cultural transformation experienced with the Hellenistic World?

A

Classical Idealism to Hellenistic Realism

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3
Q

What scholarly prejudices exist regarding the Hellenistic World?

A

The belief nothing could be better than classical period

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4
Q

What did Bevan say about the Hellenistic World?

A

No other period of 10 years had such momentous change

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5
Q

Why is there a scholarly bias against the Hellenistic World?

A

First Hellenistic histories were German (Droysen) and written during unification model and chose Classical, anything else pale imitation

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6
Q

What was the political atmosphere of 4th Century Greece?

A

Fractured

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7
Q

Which country was Phillip II King of?

A

Macedonia

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8
Q

Where was Phillip II a prisoner?

A

Thebes

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9
Q

Where was Phillip II educated?

A

Thebes, Greece

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10
Q

What steps does Phillip II do when coming to the throne?

A

Reorganised Army and Increases Population

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11
Q

How does Phillip II take control of much of Greece?

A

Diplomacy and Conquest

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12
Q

What year does Phillip II defeat Theban/Athenian coalition?

A

338 BC

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13
Q

When did Phillip II die?

A

336 BC

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14
Q

What situation is Alexander greeted with when he comes to power?

A

Revolts

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15
Q

Once in control where did Alexander head on a military campaign?

A

Persia

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16
Q

What stops Alexander?

A

Resistant Army

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17
Q

Why were Alexander’s army resistant to him?

A

Macedonians had signed up to defeat Greece, end up in Asia after decade of fighting

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18
Q

What was the long-term issue with Alexander’s plan?

A

Never set up means to maintain empire

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19
Q

When did Alexander die?

A

323 BC

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20
Q

What happened after Alexander died?

A

30 years of infighting between generals, no clear successor

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21
Q

What three dynasties emerge out of Alexander’s world?

A

Antigonids
Ptolemy
Selucids

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22
Q

What dynasty was formed in Greece?

A

Antigonids

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23
Q

What dynasty was formed in Eygpt?

A

Ptolemies

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24
Q

What dynasty was formed in the Eastern realm?

A

Selucids

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25
Q

How does Alexander change the fundamentals of the Greek World?

A

The King-Military based

Careful not to unnecessarily destroy something

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26
Q

Were Hellenistic kings more in common with classical or archaic Rulers?

A

More Homeric Heroes than Greek Statesman

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27
Q

What characterized Alexander’s successors?

A

Improvisational, hadn’t expected to be kings and didnt know how to

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28
Q

Who did the dynastic kings imitate?

A

Alexander

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29
Q

What was Kingship deeply rooted in?

A

Macedonian Tradition

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30
Q

How was a King seen in the Macedonian tradition?

A

Conqueror/Benefactor/God

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31
Q

What was the role of the king in Macedonia?

A

Head of the military and nobility

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32
Q

What role did Divinity play in Macedonian kingship?

A

Alexander worshipped as God by some

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33
Q

What were the characteristics of the Antigonids?

A

Remain Greek/Macedonian
Free/Autonomous
Defender of Greek Cities and Autonomy

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34
Q

What were the characteristics of the Ptolemies?

A

Highly functioning administrative system and social structure based on Egyptian system but act Greek and are treated Greek

35
Q

What was the Ptolemeies’s heritage like?

A

Incestuous

36
Q

What was the culture of Ptolemaic Egypt?

A

Multicultural, treated Greek

37
Q

What characterized the Seleucids?

A

Diversity of the Empire (at least 13 countries)

38
Q

What unified the Seleucids?

A

Royal Cult

39
Q

How many cities did Alexander found?

A

Over 70

40
Q

Why did Alexander found so many cities?

A

Spread Greek authority and idea of power

41
Q

Why did the Seleucids have many of the new cities?

A

Combat diversity of empire

42
Q

Why was the ancient economy different to the modern economy?

A

Not a market economy

43
Q

What characteristics did the Ancient Hellenistic economy have?

A

Currency represent concrete values

44
Q

What’s the Greek term for ‘economy’?

A

Oikonomia

45
Q

What does Oikos mean?

A

Household

46
Q

What does Nomos mean?

A

Rule and Order

47
Q

Why is the Ancient Economy’s scale different to that of a modern economy?

A

Local economy more important, focus on neccessities

48
Q

Was the Ancient Economy monetized?

A

No, item for item

49
Q

What did Samuel say about the Hellenistic Economy?

A

Different priorities, Ptolemaic Egypt wanted stability, not expansion

50
Q

What did 1920/30s scholarship say about the Hellenistic Economy?

A

The economy was a place of movement of capital

51
Q

What did 1960/70s scholarship say about the Hellenistic Economy?

A

Not one giant economy but rather composed of small, local economies

52
Q

Why did the cities rely on imports?

A

Cities could not make enough to support their populations and many on subsistence

53
Q

Why was there constant warfare?

A

King legitimacy relies on fighting

54
Q

Why is warfare expensive?

A

Soldiers fighting cannot make money

55
Q

Were soldiers paid?

A

Most

56
Q

Where did money for war come from?

A

Tax, high taxes, and complex codes

57
Q

What’s a Greek town that was taken over by the Macedonians?

A

Euboea

58
Q

In Euboea how much interference by the Macedonians was there?

A

Little in local government with king in background

59
Q

What major effect did Macedonian rule have on Euboea?

A

In contact with many more places than before

60
Q

What effect did Macedonian rule have on Euboea’s economy?

A

No massive seismic change in economy

61
Q

For Euboeans what was taxation?

A

A form of survival

62
Q

Why do we have an abundance of evidence about Ptolemaic Eygpt?

A

Papyrus used

63
Q

After taking over Eygpt what did the Cleruchs do?

A

They settled amongst the villages and countryside

64
Q

What does Cleruch mean?

A

Soldier

65
Q

What was the status of cleruchs or horsemen?

A

Hereditary

66
Q

What was the legal setup of Ptolemaic Egypt?

A

Two legal systems dependent on ethnicity

67
Q

Why was Babylonia different to Ptolemaic Greece?

A

Had segregation at first

68
Q

When did Babylonia flourish?

A

When co-existence in place?

69
Q

What main evidence do we have for Ai Khanoum?

A

Archaeological evidence as no literary references exist

70
Q

Why is there an issue with relying on Archaeological evidence for studying Ai Khanoum?

A

Because it was used as a rebel hideout during the Soviet occupation of Afganistan

71
Q

Why was intermarriage inevitable in Ai Khanoum?

A

Few women

72
Q

How can the cultural exchange between the new dynasties and their new lands be described?

A

One way cultural relationship-Greek ideas widespread

73
Q

What’s an example of the integration of Greek culture?

A

Temple of Bel (Zeus) in Greece

74
Q

How can the ethnicity of the Hellenistic world be described?

A

Not binary but a spectrum

75
Q

What evidence do we have that Alexander was treated as a living god?

A

Alexander as Zeus coins were found dating from Indian campaign

76
Q

What was the relationship between faith and morality in the Hellenistic world?

A

Not intrinsically linked, morality came from society

77
Q

What happened to the image of Alexander after his death?

A

Was deified

78
Q

Were most kings deified like Alexander?

A

Initially, but more became worshipped during their lifetime

79
Q

What was the purpose of the Royal Cult?

A

Promoting imperial unity

80
Q

Why was Ai Khanoum different in terms of religion?

A

Its temple had a tripartite cella, three gods?

81
Q

Were new gods found in the Hellenistic world?

A

Yes, in Epidaurous Askleos was popular healing cult

82
Q

How did Ptolemy try to unite Greek and Egyptian religion?

A

Serapis introduced as combination of cultures

83
Q

What did Walbank think about Hellenistic religion?

A

Majority of Greeks agnostic even Atheist

84
Q

What religion has a framework set for it and why?

A

Christianity, living God and spread of gospel

Intro to Ancient Greek History (2 decks)

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