Helicopters

Question 1

When banking the helicopter, vertical lift is directed into

Answer 1

horizontal movement,

bank of 25 degrees requires 10% increase in lift

Question 2

thrust is primarily created by

Answer 2

converting lift alterations of the pitch angle and AOA

Question 3

profile drag

Answer 3

drag created by the frictional resistance of spinning airfoils,
allows drag to increase as velocity increases
remains midway, not dominating nor negligible

Question 4

parasitic drag

Answer 4

caused by the non lifting portions of the helicopter, weight of the helicopter and its equipment, most dominant type of drag and increases with airspeed

Question 5

induced drag

Answer 5

byproduct of lift created by rotor, only drag that decreases as airspeed increases, primary force at low speeds but meaningless at high speeds

Question 6

a helicopter can adjust to more weight on one side by

Answer 6

adjusting the angle of the rotor disk to stabilize

but will cost lift, reducing performance

Question 7

front loaded center of gravity

Answer 7

identified by fuselage tipping forward
cases helo to pull forward when hovering making slowing down and forward movements difficult.
result of having a heavy pilot in front, little cargo at rear
solution: add weight to back of helo

Question 8

Aft loaded Center of Gravity

Answer 8

identified by fuselage tipping backwards

cause the helo to pull backwards when in neutral hover, and make accelerating more difficult

Question 9

Primary flight controls in a helicopter

Answer 9

Collective, throttle, cyclic, antitorque pedals

Question 10

collective pitch control

Answer 10

used to create lift and control vertical movement

succeeds by altering the pitch of the rotor blades. increased pitch = lift

Question 11

throttle

Answer 11

control power to the engine

used whenever the RPM drops or rises beyond value. clockwise turn increases Rpm

Question 12

correlator

Answer 12

links the collective to the throttle, automatically increasing or decreasing the throttle as the collective is used

Question 13

governor

Answer 13

electronic sensor that tracks the current RPM directly. it will automatically adjust the throttle as needed if the RPM is out of desired range.
with this, touching the throttle is rarely needed

Question 14

Cyclic pitch control

Answer 14

used to generate thrust and control horizontal movement,

functions by altering pitch of the rotor blades

Question 15

Anti-torque pedals

Answer 15

controls pitch of the tail rotor blades
purpose is to counteract the torque of the main rotor, and increase or decrease past it
a pilot can control rotation for a new heading

Question 16

trim control

Answer 16

used to level an aircraft in pitch and roll while eliminating yaw.

Question 17

four basic fundamentals or maneuvers

Answer 17

straight-and-level flight

turns, climbs and descents

Question 18

Straight and level flight

Answer 18

minimal control needed to keep moving, most efforts will be directed in keep helo level

Question 19

turns

Answer 19

if helo is flying at low speeds - performed by anti torque pedals
at high speeds- cyclic is used to bank the helo

Question 20

climbs and descents

Answer 20

collective is used to to climb or descent altering the pitch of the main rotor blades

Question 21

Hovering

Answer 21

Goal is to remain a set distance off the ground
collective acts as position control
anti-torque pedals are a rate control
cyclic: acceleration control

Question 22

Vertical takeoff to hover

Answer 22

start from a landed position to a hovering position

collective should be increased smoothly while maintaining the heading

Question 23

hovering turn

Answer 23

change the heading of the help while maintaining a constant position relative to the ground
anti torque pedals are primary controls for this

Question 24

Banking turns

Answer 24

goal is to change heading

cyclic is used

Question 25

normal climb and descent

Answer 25

primarily use collective and throttle

Question 26

Taxiing

Answer 26

primarily used to move in short distances

Question 27

hover taxing

Answer 27

employs hovering, forward flight, and hovering turns to move about
no more than 25 feet above ground
most often used for re positioning

Question 28

air taxiing

Answer 28

involves higher speeds and altitudes no more than 100 feet.
straight and level flight and banking turns are used
takeoff required for air taxiing and expected to avoid flying over vehicles or personnel

Question 29

Surface taxiing

Answer 29

kept on the ground the entire time
collective is raised until the helo is light on its wheels and also to move forward.
never should be move faster than a brisk walk

Question 30

Centrifugal force

Answer 30

causes rotating bodies to move away from the center of rotation

Question 31

centripetal force

Answer 31

force that keeps an object a certain distance from the center of rotation

Question 32

Gyroscopic Precession

Answer 32

when the applied force to a rotating object is shown 90 degree later than where the force was applied

Question 33

DisSymmetry of Lift

Answer 33

difference in lift between the advancing and retreating blades of a rotor systen

Question 34

effective translational lift

Answer 34

improved efficiency from directional flight, gained when helo moves forward
typically occurs between 16 and 24 knots

Question 35

transverse flow effect

Answer 35

difference in airflow between the forward and aft portions of the roror disk.

Question 36

Coriolis Effect

Answer 36

Objects in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to the right, while objects in the Southern Hemisphere are deflected to the left. The coriolis effect thus tries to force winds to shift towards the right or left.