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philo > heiejsks > Flashcards

heiejsks Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge,
values, reason, mind, and language; why; world of humans

A

philosophy

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2
Q

Emphasized immortality and transmigration of the soul

A

pythagoras

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3
Q

World exists as a coherent system in which a change in one direction is ultimately balanced by a corresponding change in another; universal flux: nothing permanent except change.

A

heraclitus

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4
Q

laughing/smiling philosopher; atomic theory; Happiness reside not in possessions, and not
in gold, happiness dwells in the Soul

A

democritus

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5
Q

eudaimonic, ataraxia, aponia; advocated that people were best able to pursue philosophy by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends.

A

epicurus

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6
Q

Socratic Method; Know Thyself; Moral Philosophy; Falling down is not a failure. Failure comes when you stay where you have fallen.

A

socrates

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7
Q

theory of forms dialectic method; GOOD ACTIONS GIVE STRENGTH TO OURSELVES AND INSPIRE GOOD ACTIONS IN OTHERS; traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder.

A

plato

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8
Q

Reality is based on what we can sense and perceive

A

aristotle

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9
Q

traced the need to Philosophize to doubt. In life, we will be faced with several ideas and arguments which present themselves as “truths

A

Rene Descartes

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10
Q

saw the need to philosophize because of experience.

A

Karl Jaspers

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11
Q

considers large-scale pattern systems; have open mindset and get the general sense; big picture mentality

A

holistic thinking

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12
Q

focuses on of a situation; component of analytical of a problem in order to understand it.

A

partial thinking

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13
Q

requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and action and to learn more about one’s life and experiences.

A

reflection

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14
Q

is the capacity of human to exercise introspection and to attempt to learn more about their fundamental nature and essence.

A

human self-reflection

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15
Q

accumulation of facts and information.

A

knowledge

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16
Q

is the synthesis of knowledge and
experiences into insights that deepen one’s understanding of relationships and the meaning of the life.

A

wisdom

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17
Q

answering questions related to what is real

A

metaphysics

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18
Q

focuses on reasoning and sound argument; correct and incorrect forms of reasoning

A

logic

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19
Q

objective standards for determining what is beautiful

A

aesthetics

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20
Q

branch of philosophy that deals with knowledge

A

epistemology

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21
Q

concerned with the natural environment and human beings place within it

A

Environmental Philosophy

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22
Q

rightness and wrongness of action; Study of the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.

A

ethics

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23
Q

Origin and meaning of ethical concepts such as good or bad, issues on universally accepted truths and even people’s justification of their own judgments.

A

metaethics

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24
Q

Concerned with the setting of certain standards of what is morally right and morally wrong. It also involves the formulation of set values or moral
norms

A

normative ethics

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25
Q

It attempts to apply different theories to different situations in real life such as euthanasia, the death penalty, etc.

A

applied ethics

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26
Q

Forms of rules, standards, or prescriptions that are strictly followed by people. It indicates the society’s standard of propriety.

A

norms

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27
Q

Forms of behavior that are relatively or distinctly set away from a norm.

A

deviance

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28
Q

act if formulating an opinion or theory without fully researching or investigating

A

speculation

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29
Q

a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something.

A

theory

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30
Q

forming of a theory about something

A

theorizing

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31
Q

It questions, judges, and evaluates any and all principles and premises that may be gained through speculation

A

philosophy as critical thinking

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32
Q

one mode of critical analysis where philosophical problems are solved through a careful analysis of the logical structure of the philosophical assertion.

A

logical

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33
Q

meanings of words are analyzed for their clarity and consistency with the world

A

linguistic

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34
Q

statement reduced in its simplest form

A

elementary sentence

35
Q

where the grounds for the belief is deliberately sought and the adequacy to support the belief examined

A

reflective thinking

36
Q

statement that can be proven true or false: objective

A

facts

37
Q

beliefs which may or may not be backed up by facts but cannot be proven true or false

A

opinion

38
Q

analysis based on personal opinions, emotions, etc.

A

subjective information

39
Q

based from facts, measurable and observable

A

objective information

40
Q

proposition is true if it corresponds to the facts (correspondence to, or with, a fact); Embracing the idea that truth consist in a relation to reality (Empirical)

A

correspondence theory

41
Q

truth states that if a proposition coheres with all the other propositions taken to be true, then it is true; The truth of a belief can only consist in its coherence wit omer oellers. trun comes in cecrees

A

coherence theory

42
Q

associated with William James. The truth of a statement can be define in
terms of the utility of accepting it. Truth is based on the good or practical consequences of an idea. There are things that are false that it may be useful to accept, and conversely there are things that are true that it may be damaging to accept.

A

pragmatic theory

43
Q

invalid or faulty reasoning; may be created unintentionally or intentionally in order to deceive others

A

fallacies

44
Q

win support for an argument by exploiting his/her opponents pity

A

appeal to pity

45
Q

notion is true because it is not yet been proven false vice versa

A

APPEAL TO IGNORANCE

46
Q

proposition must be true because many people believe it

A

appeal to people

47
Q
  • attacking the person who asserts the argument to disprove his/her claim
A

against a person

48
Q

double meaning; confusing

A

EQUIVOCATION

49
Q

generalization based on insufficient evidence

A

hasty generalization

50
Q

something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole.

A

composition

51
Q

Involves an inference from the attribution of some feature to an entire class (or whole) to the possession of the same feature by each of its individual members (or parts).

A

division

52
Q

The fallacy committed when one appeals to force or the threat of force to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion.

A

appeal to force

53
Q

Concluding that one thing caused another, simply because they are regularly associated.

A

false cause

54
Q

Any form of argument where the conclusion is assumed in one of
the premises.

A

begging the question

55
Q

A type of reasoning in which the proposition is supported by the premises, which is supported by the proposition, creating a circle in reasoning where no useful information is being shared.

A

circular reasoning

56
Q

causes the body to live; animates the body

A

soul

57
Q

Intangible element that enables us
to exercise thought, possess awareness, and the capacity to reach out to the world and to other
versons

A

spirit

58
Q

The power that allows for basics of existence- nourishment, growth, reproduction.

A

vegetative soul

59
Q

Specific to human beings only and is the soul responsible for reason and thinking.

A

INTELLECTUAL/RATIONAL SOUL

60
Q

Makes the human experience and
does the things that make him a person. Physical acts are no longer purely physical acts because it conveys something from a person’s inner world.

A

embodiment

61
Q

Plato is known for his theory of ______; states that the mind and body are distin and separable modes

A

dualism

62
Q

Aristotle is known for his theory of _____; soul cannot exist apart from the body soul cannot exist independently of body

A

monism

63
Q

greatest and wealthiest of greek cities

A

miletus

64
Q

known for his bodily using not-mythological approach

A

anaximander

65
Q

well known western/greek philosopher

A

socrates

66
Q

Things in our life that are already given. (acquired through birth)

A

limitation facticity

67
Q

finite quality of state of existence (“we cannot live forever”)

A

finitude

68
Q

intermediary between us & the physical sense world.

A

body

69
Q

refers to the relation of the self to the object-oriented world, as well as our concrete relations with others. Transcendence originated from the words Trans, meaning “go beyond”, and scandare, meaning “climb”.

A

transcendency

70
Q

humans are history-making creatures & are not ultimately bounded by facticity.

A

historicity

71
Q

continuous cycle of birth and death

A

samsara

72
Q

Nature of Human Personhood under Dharmic religions it is important to be aware of what are the actions that human should have. It is the sum of person’s action and a deciding factor of fate in future existence, this fate will defend on what we are doing whether it is good or bad.

A

karma

73
Q

Each and everyone needs to be enlightened and we need proper guidelines in achieving them, this signifies the state of enlightenment & oneness according to Brahman.

A

moksha

74
Q

sub-discipline under environmental philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to the environment.

A

environmental ethics

75
Q

(Greek: anthropos = human being) - a human centered philosophical
viewpoint arguing that human beings are the central or most signiticant entities in the world; superior

A

Anthropocentrism

76
Q

a philosophical perspective affirming humans ability and responsibility to lead ethical lives towards personal fulfillment.

A

humanism

77
Q

a variant of orthodox anthropocentrism which recognizes human beings duties towards the environment.

A

Enlightened / Prudential Anthropocentrism

78
Q

(Greek: pathos = suffering, pain) - a philosophical point of view that all life is the same origin and humans and animals have the capacity to perceive or feel things.

A

panthocentrism

79
Q

a philosophical perspective that holds that Earth’s ecology and ecosystems (including its atmosphere, water, land, and all life forms) have intrinsic value.

A

ecocentrism

80
Q

study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment

A

ecology

81
Q

refers to the structural and functional unit of ecology; interaction between organisms and the surrounding environment.

A

ecosystem

82
Q

Aldo Leopold - “land ethic”, land should be given due respect and love; whole system cannot be determined or explained by its component parts alone. Parts cannot exist independently of the whole

A

holism

83
Q

australian philosopher; humans should not cause or inflict pain to animal

A

paul singer

philo (1 decks)

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