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a - level computer science > hehe sams cards > Flashcards

hehe sams cards Flashcards

1
Q

What is the system development lifecycle?

A

AnalysisDesignImplementationEvaluationMaintenance

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2
Q

What information might a system analyst collect? (2)

A

What the current system doesWhat the new system needs to do

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3
Q

What might a system analyst do to collect information? (4)

A

Interview people who will use new softwareUse questionnaires to gain large amounts of informationObserve what the current system doesLook at existing documentation

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4
Q

What does a system analyst give back after an analysis?

A

A system documentation used to evaluate the final product.

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5
Q

What does or should a software design document include?

A

A description of the data (data types, format and validations),Database design and management (if appropriate),Input / output screens and reports,How the data will be processed,How the software will be tested

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6
Q

What happens in the implementation phase of software development?

A

Coding and testing the software,Writing user and technician documentation,Installing software for the user

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7
Q

What are the two types of testing?

A

Black box and white box

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8
Q

What is white box testing?

A

Testing the code logic by testing all the possible paths on your program.

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9
Q

What is alpha testing?

A

In-house testing that is closed from the public and can reveal many bugs or problems

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10
Q

What is beta testing?

A

When (often) commercial software is distributed to potential users to be tested and agree to the testing.

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11
Q

Why is beta testing effective?

A

It gains lots of real world info and experience for the developers since people often do things that the original developers didn’t anticipate.

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12
Q

What happens in the evaluation phase of software development?

A

People evaluate if the system works and then all aspects of the software are tested. This is evaluated against the original specification document.

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13
Q

What is acceptance testing?

A

Testing every aspect of a software then evaluating it against the original specification document

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14
Q

What are the three different types of maintenance

A

Corrective maintenance,Adaptive maintenance,Perfective maintenance

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15
Q

What is the waterfall model?

A

Similar to the lifecycle model except it doesn’t loop, when you get to the end, you can’t go back up.

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16
Q

Advantages of the waterfall model

A

Simple to understandeach stage is separate with good documentation,Projects are straightforward to manage,model works well for smaller projects too

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17
Q

Disadvantages of the waterfall cycle

A

Not much user involvement after the analysis stage.Working software not produced until late in the project,User is given the finished product which doesn’t leave much room for improvement

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18
Q

When should the waterfall model be used?

A

The product has a clear outcomeNo ambiguous requirementsThe project is short,The technology is well understood

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19
Q

What are the four main stages of the spiral model?

A

Analysis, design, implementation, evaluation

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20
Q

Advantages of the spiral model

A

Well defined stepsSoftware is produced at an early stage in development.User can give feedback during the iterative processEnd result more likely to be what the user wants.

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21
Q

Disadvantages of the spiral model

A

Iterative process is very time-consuming,More costly to develop with the time needed,Not suitable for smaller projects

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22
Q

When should the spiral model be used?

A

For medium to high-risk projects,When users aren’t sure of needs or technological possibilities,When requirements are complex,For projects which may take a long time to develop and may need to take advantage of recent/future technological advancements.

23
Q

What is the agile model and how does it work?

A

Software is rapidly developed in development cycles with individually implemented features,Each version improves on previous functionality,Each version is thoroughly tested

24
Q

benefits of the Agile model

A

Software is quickly and continuously developed which leads to good client satisfaction,Working software is frequently published and developed.Good for small, time critical projects,Limited planning to get started.

25
Q

Disadvantages of the agile model

A

Lack of emphasis on proper design and documentation,Product can fail to deliver if the user is not explicit in their requirements,Not suitable for novice programmers

26
Q

When should the agile model be used?

A

When new changes need to be implemented,When the client is an expanding or developing business where their needs are constantly changing and developing

27
Q

What is extreme programming?

A

A type of agile development designed to improve productivity and responsiveness by doing frequent releases and utilizing short development cycles.

28
Q

What can go wrong in a large project that isn’t properly planned and staffed?

A

Costs can spiral,Personnel can change,Requirements can change,Technology advances can make a project obsolete.

29
Q

What is rapid application development?

A

Workshops and focus groups decide on the aims/requirements of a project. Prototyping is then used alongside user feedback to refine the product over strict, short-term time frames. Software components are also reused as frequently as possible.

30
Q

What are the properties of a good algorithm?

A

IT must have clear and precise stepsShould allow for invalid inputsMust terminate at some pointShould do the task in as small time as possibleShould be understandable by others

31
Q

Give 2 examples of sorting algorithms

A

Bubble sortMerge sort

32
Q

What is a paradigm?

A

A style or a way of programming

33
Q

What is a procedural programming language?

A

Standard, top-down (in terms of the run time) programming language

34
Q

What is an imperative programming language?

A

Languages that support imperative programming tell the computer what to do with the input in order to solve the problem.

35
Q

What is structured programming?

A

A kind of procedural programming that uses the constructs (sequence, selection, iteration and recursion) rather than ‘goto’ statements.

36
Q

What is a declarative language?

A

Like SQL, you declare what you want in English and describe the problem to be solved.

37
Q

What is logic programming?

A

A paradigm that expresses the logic of a computation without expressing its control flow.

38
Q

Summarize prolog

A

Instead of defining how a problem is to be solved, the programmer defines the facts associated with the program which are always assumed to be true.

39
Q

How does prolog utilize backtracking?

A

If the interpreter attempts to find a solution to a problem but reaches a dead end, it backtracks to the last decision and attempts to take a new route.

40
Q

What is encapsulation?

A

When attributes and methods are wrapped into a single entity (classes)

41
Q

what is a class?

A

A class is a blueprint for an object and defines attributes and methods that capture common characteristics of behaviors or objects.

42
Q

What is information hiding?

A

When an objects attributes are hidden and are only accessible through the objects methods.

43
Q

What is required of an object to access its methods?

A

They must be defined as public

44
Q

What is inheritance?

A

When there is a relationship between sub-classes. Such as, rodents and insects are both their own classes but are also both parts of the class animals.

45
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

When an inherited class may have methods and attributes that do not exist in the parent class.

46
Q

What might polymorphism do to a parent class aside from making new methods?

A

It may redefine methods that are defined in the parent class. For example, all animals can eat, but eagles eat meat and birds eat seeds.

47
Q

Is assembly language hardware specific?

A

Yes

48
Q

What are the three addressing modes?

A

Immediate, Direct, Indirect

49
Q

What is immediate addressing?

A

The operand holds the actual value

50
Q

What is Direct addressing?

A

The operand holds the address of the value

51
Q

What is indirect addressing?

A

The operand is holding the location of the address of the value

52
Q

What three things do immediate addressing, direct addressing and indirect addressing mean in normal code?

A

A variable, a pointer and a double pointer

53
Q

What is indexed addressing?

A

When the computer adds one to an address index to cycle through many addresses essentially building an array.

a - level computer science (2 decks)

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