HEENT terms Flashcards
lower extremity BP lower than upper
happens at descending aorta: coarctation of the aorta or occlusive aortic dz
BP difference 10-15mmhg in arms (higher in area being impaired)
subclavian steal syndrome (stenosis one are will have diff reading) and aortic dissection (before it branches)
too small cuff
higher BP
too big cuff
read low on sm arm and high on lg arm
hyperopia
farstightedness, difficult seeing up close
pesbyopsia
impaired vision d/t aging
myopia
nearsighted, hard seeing far away
cataract
clouding of the lens of eye, causes slow central impair/ vision loss or blindness
macular degeneration
progressive damage to macula causing slow central loss of vision
hemianopsia
absence of vision in half the field
scrotoma
blind spot in vision suggests lesion in retina or visual pathway
vitreous floaters
moving speck/ strands in visual field, new onset suggests detach of vitreous from retina
diplopia
double vision, seen in lesions in bstem or cerebellum or if weak EOM Muscles.
horizontal diplopia
palsy from CNlll and Vl
Vertical Diplopia
palsy from CNlll and lV
Conductive hearing loss
interference of sound waves to cochlea; noisy environments help
SNhearing loss
damage to cochleas receptor cells or to auditory nerves, aka nerve deafness; trouble understanding speech, complain that others are mumbling, noisy environments make hearing worse
tinnitus
ringing in ears with no external source
menieres dz
disorder of inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss
vertigo
perception that pt/ environment is spinning or rotating
presyncope
feeling of faintness and impending LOC
Rhinorrhea
clear nasal discharge “runnynose”
allergic rhinits
the rxn of the nasal mucosa to a specific allergen
drug induced rhinitis
excessive use of decongestants, or cocaine
epistaxis
bleeding from nose
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx “sore throat”
lacrimal apparatus
structures that produce, store and remove tears
aqueous humor
fills ant and post chambers of eye, supports, nourishes and removes waster for cornea, produced by the ciliary process, returned to circulation via sclera venous sinus (watery)
snellen eye chart
one of several charts used in testing visual acuity, letters, numbers or symbols are arranged on the chart in decreasing size from top to bottm.
Visual acuity
expressed as 20/30; first number indicates pt distance from snellen chart, 2nd number indicates the distance which the normal eye can read the line of letters
legally blind
20/200
Hirschberg test
corneal light reflex exam checking ocular alignment (tropias)
Hypotropia
condition where eye points downward
hypertropia
condition in which the eyes point upward
exotropia
outward turning of the eye
esotropia
inward turning of the eye
cover/uncover test
to detect strabismus, uncovering affected eye causes it to focus
ptosis
low lying upper eyelid during primary gaze
lid lag
abnormal white rim of sclera, visible between the upper eyelid and the iris when a person moves the eye downward
lagophthalmos
inablity to close the eyelids completely; seen in Bell’s Phenomenon: CN Vll
chalazion
nodule or cyst, usually on upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland
hordeolum
stye, red painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin
xanthelasma
raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder
dacyroadenitis
inflammation of the lacrimal glands
dacyrocystitis
infection of the lacrimal sac
schirmer tear test
diagnostic test using a graded paper strip to measure tear production (look for sjorgens)
arcus senilus
a benign white or gray opaque ring in the corneal margin of eye
kayser-fleischer rings
wilson disease, decreased ceruloplasmin and increased urine copper (copper like rings in eye)
corneal abrasian
scratch on cornea
HSV keratitis
corneal vesicles, dendritic ulcers pain, photophobia, blurred vision, tearing, redness hx prior episodes present
coloboma
defect in the devo of a portion of iris, cat eye (hole in the cornea)
iritis
inflammation of iris
ciliary flush
dilated conjunctival vessels, violet hue around iris
hyphema
blood in ant chamber of eye
hypopyon
pus in ant chamber of eye
narrow angle glaucoma
a crescent shadow nasally
swinging flashlight test
compare the direct and consensual reflexes in the same eye, assess optic nerve damage (relative afferent pupillary defect - Marcus Gunn)
Near reaction
when a persons shifts their gaze from a far object to a near one their pupils constrict mediated by CNlll, convergence of the eyes and accomodations (lens decreases in size and becomes thicker)
miosis
constricted pupils
mydriasis
dilated pupils
horners syndrome
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
argyll robertson pupil
pupil does NOT react to light, does constrict with accomodation
anisocria
unequal pupil size; oculomotor Nerve Palsy (CNlll); seeen in UNcal Herniation, cerebral aneurysm, trauma or tumor
Dysconjugate gaze
failure of the eyes to turn together in same direction
EOM mvmts (H-Test)
ask pt to keep head stead while following finger with their eyes, trace and H pattern to eval Six cardinal directions of gaze. Watch eye movements for any impairment of motion and note which direction is imparied LR6SO4AO3; also assess for lid lag and nystagmus
convergence test
ask pt to stare at tip of your finger as you bring your finger in towards the pt’s nose, noting that the pupils should constrict as both eyes move medially
red reflex
red glow that appears to fill persons pupil when first visualized thru ophthalmoscope
optic disc
region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina (IT IS THE BLIND SPOT of eye bc it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, thus insensitive to light)
Fovea
central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster
papilledema
swelling and inflamm of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye thru the optic disc; loss of spont venous pulsations, disc margin blurred, non visible cup
valsalva otoscopy
eardrum should move slightly when pinch nose and blow out w pinched lips: (valsalva action provides insufflation)
Pneumotic otoscopy
procedure that assess ability of TM to move in response to a change in air pressure (otoscope provides insufflation)
whispered voice test
initial screening to determine need for further testing of client’s hearing (use fingers to close one ear while whisper some numbers into other ear)
weber test
test using tuning fork; distinguishes between conductive vs SNhearing loss
weber results
SNHL (in one ear): hear tone in better ear, Conductive HL (in one ear): hear tone in bad ear (use 512hz tuning fork)
rinne test
hearing test using a 512 hz tuning fork; checks for difference in bone conduction vs air conduction
rinne test results
normally sound is hear longer thru air than thru bone (AC>BC= SNHL). if its longer through bone its conductive hearing loss (BC>AC= ConductiveHL).
Sinus percussion
percuss sinus areas using direct percussion (lightly tap over each area w index finger)
Transillumination
the passage of strong light thru a body structure, to permit inspection by an observer of the opposite side
HEENT lymph nodes
10- enlarged lymph nodes usu indicate Pharyngitis or Sinusitis
