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Mid term HPE > HEENT terms > Flashcards

HEENT terms Flashcards

1
Q

lower extremity BP lower than upper

A

happens at descending aorta: coarctation of the aorta or occlusive aortic dz

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2
Q

BP difference 10-15mmhg in arms (higher in area being impaired)

A

subclavian steal syndrome (stenosis one are will have diff reading) and aortic dissection (before it branches)

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3
Q

too small cuff

A

higher BP

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4
Q

too big cuff

A

read low on sm arm and high on lg arm

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5
Q

hyperopia

A

farstightedness, difficult seeing up close

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6
Q

pesbyopsia

A

impaired vision d/t aging

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7
Q

myopia

A

nearsighted, hard seeing far away

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8
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens of eye, causes slow central impair/ vision loss or blindness

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9
Q

macular degeneration

A

progressive damage to macula causing slow central loss of vision

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10
Q

hemianopsia

A

absence of vision in half the field

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11
Q

scrotoma

A

blind spot in vision suggests lesion in retina or visual pathway

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12
Q

vitreous floaters

A

moving speck/ strands in visual field, new onset suggests detach of vitreous from retina

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13
Q

diplopia

A

double vision, seen in lesions in bstem or cerebellum or if weak EOM Muscles.

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14
Q

horizontal diplopia

A

palsy from CNlll and Vl

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15
Q

Vertical Diplopia

A

palsy from CNlll and lV

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16
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

interference of sound waves to cochlea; noisy environments help

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17
Q

SNhearing loss

A

damage to cochleas receptor cells or to auditory nerves, aka nerve deafness; trouble understanding speech, complain that others are mumbling, noisy environments make hearing worse

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18
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing in ears with no external source

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19
Q

menieres dz

A

disorder of inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss

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20
Q

vertigo

A

perception that pt/ environment is spinning or rotating

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21
Q

presyncope

A

feeling of faintness and impending LOC

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22
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

clear nasal discharge “runnynose”

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23
Q

allergic rhinits

A

the rxn of the nasal mucosa to a specific allergen

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24
Q

drug induced rhinitis

A

excessive use of decongestants, or cocaine

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25
Q

epistaxis

A

bleeding from nose

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26
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx “sore throat”

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27
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

structures that produce, store and remove tears

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28
Q

aqueous humor

A

fills ant and post chambers of eye, supports, nourishes and removes waster for cornea, produced by the ciliary process, returned to circulation via sclera venous sinus (watery)

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29
Q

snellen eye chart

A

one of several charts used in testing visual acuity, letters, numbers or symbols are arranged on the chart in decreasing size from top to bottm.

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30
Q

Visual acuity

A

expressed as 20/30; first number indicates pt distance from snellen chart, 2nd number indicates the distance which the normal eye can read the line of letters

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31
Q

legally blind

A

20/200

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32
Q

Hirschberg test

A

corneal light reflex exam checking ocular alignment (tropias)

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33
Q

Hypotropia

A

condition where eye points downward

34
Q

hypertropia

A

condition in which the eyes point upward

35
Q

exotropia

A

outward turning of the eye

36
Q

esotropia

A

inward turning of the eye

37
Q

cover/uncover test

A

to detect strabismus, uncovering affected eye causes it to focus

38
Q

ptosis

A

low lying upper eyelid during primary gaze

39
Q

lid lag

A

abnormal white rim of sclera, visible between the upper eyelid and the iris when a person moves the eye downward

40
Q

lagophthalmos

A

inablity to close the eyelids completely; seen in Bell’s Phenomenon: CN Vll

41
Q

chalazion

A

nodule or cyst, usually on upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland

42
Q

hordeolum

A

stye, red painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin

43
Q

xanthelasma

A

raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

44
Q

dacyroadenitis

A

inflammation of the lacrimal glands

45
Q

dacyrocystitis

A

infection of the lacrimal sac

46
Q

schirmer tear test

A

diagnostic test using a graded paper strip to measure tear production (look for sjorgens)

47
Q

arcus senilus

A

a benign white or gray opaque ring in the corneal margin of eye

48
Q

kayser-fleischer rings

A

wilson disease, decreased ceruloplasmin and increased urine copper (copper like rings in eye)

49
Q

corneal abrasian

A

scratch on cornea

50
Q

HSV keratitis

A

corneal vesicles, dendritic ulcers pain, photophobia, blurred vision, tearing, redness hx prior episodes present

51
Q

coloboma

A

defect in the devo of a portion of iris, cat eye (hole in the cornea)

52
Q

iritis

A

inflammation of iris

53
Q

ciliary flush

A

dilated conjunctival vessels, violet hue around iris

54
Q

hyphema

A

blood in ant chamber of eye

55
Q

hypopyon

A

pus in ant chamber of eye

56
Q

narrow angle glaucoma

A

a crescent shadow nasally

57
Q

swinging flashlight test

A

compare the direct and consensual reflexes in the same eye, assess optic nerve damage (relative afferent pupillary defect - Marcus Gunn)

58
Q

Near reaction

A

when a persons shifts their gaze from a far object to a near one their pupils constrict mediated by CNlll, convergence of the eyes and accomodations (lens decreases in size and becomes thicker)

59
Q

miosis

A

constricted pupils

60
Q

mydriasis

A

dilated pupils

61
Q

horners syndrome

A

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

62
Q

argyll robertson pupil

A

pupil does NOT react to light, does constrict with accomodation

63
Q

anisocria

A

unequal pupil size; oculomotor Nerve Palsy (CNlll); seeen in UNcal Herniation, cerebral aneurysm, trauma or tumor

64
Q

Dysconjugate gaze

A

failure of the eyes to turn together in same direction

65
Q

EOM mvmts (H-Test)

A

ask pt to keep head stead while following finger with their eyes, trace and H pattern to eval Six cardinal directions of gaze. Watch eye movements for any impairment of motion and note which direction is imparied LR6SO4AO3; also assess for lid lag and nystagmus

66
Q

convergence test

A

ask pt to stare at tip of your finger as you bring your finger in towards the pt’s nose, noting that the pupils should constrict as both eyes move medially

67
Q

red reflex

A

red glow that appears to fill persons pupil when first visualized thru ophthalmoscope

68
Q

optic disc

A

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina (IT IS THE BLIND SPOT of eye bc it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, thus insensitive to light)

69
Q

Fovea

A

central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster

70
Q

papilledema

A

swelling and inflamm of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye thru the optic disc; loss of spont venous pulsations, disc margin blurred, non visible cup

71
Q

valsalva otoscopy

A

eardrum should move slightly when pinch nose and blow out w pinched lips: (valsalva action provides insufflation)

72
Q

Pneumotic otoscopy

A

procedure that assess ability of TM to move in response to a change in air pressure (otoscope provides insufflation)

73
Q

whispered voice test

A

initial screening to determine need for further testing of client’s hearing (use fingers to close one ear while whisper some numbers into other ear)

74
Q

weber test

A

test using tuning fork; distinguishes between conductive vs SNhearing loss

75
Q

weber results

A

SNHL (in one ear): hear tone in better ear, Conductive HL (in one ear): hear tone in bad ear (use 512hz tuning fork)

76
Q

rinne test

A

hearing test using a 512 hz tuning fork; checks for difference in bone conduction vs air conduction

77
Q

rinne test results

A

normally sound is hear longer thru air than thru bone (AC>BC= SNHL). if its longer through bone its conductive hearing loss (BC>AC= ConductiveHL).

78
Q

Sinus percussion

A

percuss sinus areas using direct percussion (lightly tap over each area w index finger)

79
Q

Transillumination

A

the passage of strong light thru a body structure, to permit inspection by an observer of the opposite side

80
Q

HEENT lymph nodes

A

10- enlarged lymph nodes usu indicate Pharyngitis or Sinusitis

Mid term HPE (1 decks)

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