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PCC Review > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Tension Headache

A
  • most common
  • band like pain
  • dull, non-pulsating
  • typically bi lateral
  • up to 7 days
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2
Q

Migraine

A
  • throbbing, pulsating
  • unilateral - temple area
  • sudden
  • N/V
  • sensitive to light/sound
  • up to 3 days
  • 10% experience an aura (flashes of light, blind spot)
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3
Q

Cluster

A
  • constant, sharp pain
  • unilateral (near eyes)
  • sudden
  • up to 3 months
  • tearing, red eye, runny nose
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4
Q

Conjunctivitis - Viral

A
  • pink/red eye
  • watery discharge
  • low fever
  • 1 to 3 weeks
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5
Q

Conjunctivitis - Bacterial

A
  • pink/red eye
  • green/yellow discharge
  • crusted eye lids
  • 2 weeks
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6
Q

Allergic conjuntivitis

A
  • pink/red eyes
  • clear, watery discharge
  • burning/itching
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7
Q

Dry Eye

A
  • Redness

- burning, stinging

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8
Q

Blepharitis

A
  • lump on/near eye lid
  • painful, swollen, pus-filled
  • may lead to sty formation
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9
Q

Otitis media

A
  • inflammation of inner ear
  • common in children <3
  • crying, pulling at ears, discharge
  • fever
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10
Q

Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

A
  • inflammation of skin lining outer ear canal
  • pain, discharge, itching, burning
  • fever
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11
Q

Cerumen Impaction

A
  • build up of ear wax, blocking ear canal
  • earache
  • fullness of ear, tinnitus, partial hearing loss, itching
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12
Q

Water Clogged Ears

A
  • ear fullness
  • gradual hearing loss
  • itching
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13
Q

Sinusitis (head cold) - Viral

A
  • HA
  • congestion
  • low fever
  • nasal discharge
  • halitosis
  • lasts up to 10 days
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14
Q

Sinusitis (head cold) - Bacterial

A

-worsening congestion
-facial pain
-thick yellow-green nasal discharge
fever
-halitosis

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15
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A
  • inflammation of nasal mucous membrane
  • clear rhinorrhea
  • sneezing
  • congestion
  • watery eyes
  • itchy EENT
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16
Q

Cold Sores

A
  • blisters on lips, chin, cheeks, nostrils

- red, painful blisters, oozing/yellow crusting of blister, itching

17
Q

Canker Sores

A
  • small round sores inside of mouth
  • red edge with white center
  • painful
18
Q

Gingivitis

A

-inflammation of gums

19
Q

Oral candidiasis (thrush)

A
  • fungal infection of mouth
  • cottage cheese appearance
  • creamy white lesion
  • loss of taste
20
Q

Head Questions

A

i. What sx are you experiencing?
ii. Describe your head pain. What does the pain feel like?
iii. Have you had this type of pain before? How often do you experience it?
iv. When did your pain/sx begin (gradual vs sudden)
v. Where is the pain located? (unilateral vs bilateral)
vi. What makes your pain worse?
vii. What makes the pain better? What have you tried to alleviate the pain?

21
Q

Eye Questions

A

i. What sx are you experiencing?
ii. If discharge is present, please describe the discharge
iii. Have these sx occurred before? Have you been in contact with anyone
with similar sx?
iv. When did the sx start?
v. Are you experiencing these sx in one or both eyes?
vi. What makes the sx worse?
vii. What makes the sx better? What have you tried to treat the sx?

22
Q

Ear Questions

A

i. What sx are you experiencing?
ii. If pain is present, what does if feel like? If discharge is present, describe
the discharge.
iii. Have you experienced this before and how often does it occur? Have
you recently injured your ear?
iv. When did the sx start?
v. Are you experiencing these sx in one or both ears? Are other body parts
affected?
vi. What makes the sx worse?
vii. What makes the sx better? What have you tried to treat the sx?

23
Q

Nose Questions

A

i. What sx are you experiencing?
ii. If nasal discharge is present, please describe it.
iii. Have you experienced these sx before? What allergies do you have
(meds, pollen, pets)?
iv. When the sx start?
v. Are you experiencing these sx in one or both nostrils?
vi. What makes the sx worse?
vii. What makes the sx better? What have you tried to treat the sx?

24
Q

Throat Questions

A

i. What sx are you experiencing?
ii. If lesions/sores are present, please describe them
iii. Have you experienced these sx before? Have you injured your mouth
lately?
iv. When did the sx start?
v. Where in your mouth are you experiencing sx?
vi. What makes the sx worse?
vii. What makes the sx better? What have you tried to treat the sx?

25
Q

Head Treatment

A

Refer if:

  1. Migraine or Cluster HA
  2. HA associated with significant HTN
  3. Headache lasting more than 10 days
  4. More than 3 headaches a week
  5. Head Trauma
  6. Resistant to self-care

If self-treat:

  1. Suggest ibuprofen to relieve pain and to avoid triggers
26
Q

Eye Treatment

A

Refer if:

  1. Sx of infection
  2. Conditions resistant to self-care for 3 days
  3. Exposure to chemicals
  4. Trauma
  5. S&S of vision loss
  6. Glaucoma

If self-treat:

  1. Pharm options:
    a. Viral conjunctivitis: Artificial tears, decongestants
    b. Allergic Conjunctivitis: Ocular antihistamines
    c. Dry eyes: Artificial tears
    d. Blepharitis/sty: Warm compress
  2. Non-pharm:
    a. Wash hands
    b. Wear glasses
27
Q

Ear Treatment

A

Refer if:

  1. Hearing loss, pain, drainage, tinnitus
  2. Sx of infection
  3. Otitis media, otitis externa
  4. Foreign object in ear

If self-treat:

  1. Cerumen Impaction – debrox
  2. Water clogged ears – isopropyl alcohol
    iii. If otitis media, refer, but if patient wants something in the interim:
  3. Local heat
  4. Analgesic for pain
    iv. If otitis externa, refer, but if patient wants something in the interim:
  5. Warm water or saline
  6. Antiseptic drops
28
Q

Nose Treatment

A

Refer if:

  1. Severe HA not relieved after OTC products
  2. Systemic infection sx
  3. Sx >10 days
  4. Cold that worsens after 7 days
  5. Changes in vision
  6. Sx resistant to self-care

If self-treat:

  1. Pharm options:
    a. Sinusitis
    i. Oral or topical decongestants
    ii. AVOID antihistamines
    b. Allergic rhinitis
    i. Oral or topical antihistamines
    ii. Decongestants
  2. Non-pharm options:
    a. Allergen avoidance
    b. Neti-pot
    c. Saline nasal spray
29
Q

Throat Treatment

A

Refer if:

  1. Lesions w/ significant pain/large area
  2. Gingivitis
  3. Thrush
  4. Sx >2 weeks
  5. Recurrence of cold sores
  6. Resistant to self-care
  7. Immunocompromised patients
If self-treat:
1. Pharm options
a. Cold sores (self-limiting)
i. Topical antivirals (ie Abreva – be careful to note
how long sore has been present)
ii. Benzocaine if sore has been present for a while
b. Canker sores (self-limiting)
i. Benzocaine for pain
2. Non-pharm
a. Avoid hot foods/beverages, spicy foods, citrus
b. Good oral hygiene
c. Ice or warm compress

PCC Review (2 decks)

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