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Physical Diagnosis > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Miosis

A

Excessive pupil constriction

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2
Q

Mydriasis

A

Excessive pupil dilation

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3
Q

Nystagmus

A

“Dancing Eyes”, occurs during pausing while testing EOM

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4
Q

Chalazion

A

Non-tender blocked Meibomian gland

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5
Q

Hordeolum

A

Stye, tender red infection at the inner or outer margin of eyelid, usually from S. Aureus

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6
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Infection/inflammation of nasolacrimal sac

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7
Q

Entropion

A

Eyelid inversion: INWARD

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8
Q

Ectropion

A

Eyelid eversion: OUTWARD

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9
Q

Pingueculum

A

Yellow growth on bulbar conjunctiva, harmless, vision WNL

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10
Q

Pterygium

A

Thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea, may interfere with vision

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11
Q

Scleral Icterus

A

Yellow discoloration of the sclera

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12
Q

Xanthelasma

A

Raised, yellow, cholesterol filled plaques around eyelids

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13
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, can be viral, bacterial, allergic, irritant

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14
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball with lid retraction, seen in Grave’s Disease

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15
Q

Episcleritis

A

Localized ocular inflammation of the episcleral vessels

Presents as a central nodule with radiating vessels

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16
Q

Hyphema

A

Grossly visible blood in anterior chamber

Need immediate attention

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17
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

A

History of cough, sneeze, straining

Usually asymptomatic and self-limited

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18
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

Foreign body sensation

Photophobia, increased lacrimation, pain

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19
Q

Corneal chemical burn

A

Hx of liquid or gas splashed in eye

Immediate, prolonged irritation

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20
Q

Eye puncture

A

Puncture wound with hemorrhage and asymmetric, non-reactive dilated pupil, REFER ASAP

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21
Q

Cataract

A

Clouding of the lens

Causes painless progressive vision loss

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22
Q

Normal cup to disc ratio

A

Less than 1:2

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23
Q

Normal AV ratio

A

2:3

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24
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

Copper wire, silver wire, A-V nicking/crossing,

Cotton wool patches and hemorrhages seen on exam

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25
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Exam showing hemorrhages along with hard exudates that appear creamy/yellow and bright, also present is neovascularization arising from the disc
Common in patients with DM and HTN

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26
Q

Glaucoma with cupping

A

Backwards depression of disc due to increased pressure

C to D ratio is greater than 1:2

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27
Q

Detached retina

A

Curtain like shadow over vision, flashes or floaters present, vision loss at risk

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28
Q

Papilledema

A

Optic disc swelling caused by intracranial pressure

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29
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Build up of cellular debris (drusen), light reflection will be decreased up retinal exam

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30
Q

What test should be done if corneal light reflex is abnormal?

A

Cover-Uncover Test

31
Q

Amblyopia

A

Vision loss

Happens if strabismus is not detected and treated early

32
Q

Esotropia

A

Inward movement of eye

Light displaced laterally on affected eye in corneal light reflection

33
Q

Exotropia

A

Outward movement of eye

Light displaced medially on affected eye in corneal light reflection

34
Q

Corneal Reflex

A

Touch edge of cornea with a rolled cotton and observe for responsive blink

35
Q

Gouty tophi

A

Deposits of uric acid crystals on ear

36
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Raised, pearly nodule with central telangiectasia

37
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Crusted border, central ulceration, bleeding

38
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Problem conducting sound waves, usually something you can see like wax or foreign body

39
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Disorder of the inner ear or cochlear nerve, can’t see this

40
Q

AC > BC

A

Normal, but can also be sensorineural hearing loss

41
Q

BC > AC

A

Conductive hearing loss

42
Q

Normal Weber Test

A

Hear sound in both ears equally

43
Q

Abnormal Weber Test

A

Conductive: sound heard in bad ear
Sensorineural: sound heard in good ear

44
Q

Prescbycusis

A

Age related hearing loss

45
Q

What is pneumatic otoscopy used for?

A

To assess TM mobility

Normal ear should have TM movement inward

46
Q

Tympanosclerosis

A

Chalky white patch indicative of scarring of the TM

47
Q

Acute otitis media

A

Bulging, erythematous TM

48
Q

Serous effusion

A

Air bubbles present

Usually caused by viral URI or barotrauma

49
Q

Bullous myringitis

A

Painful, hemorrhagic vesicles

50
Q

Otitis externa

A

Swimmers ear, infection of the external auditory canal

51
Q

Septal deviation

A

common, mild deviation often asymptomatic

52
Q

Septal perforation

A

seen with trauma, infection, cocaine, s/p surgery

53
Q

Nasal polyps

A

soft, pale growths commonly seen in allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis and other conditions

54
Q

Anosmia

A

lack of sense of smell

55
Q

Septal hematoma

A

seen following trauma, common in peds,

56
Q

Epistaxis

A

nose bleed, kiesselbach’s area

57
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

swollen, pale, blue, boggy turbinates

58
Q

Sinusitis and URI

A

Erythematous turbinates

59
Q

Angular cheilitis

A

Irritation, fissuring of the skin at corners of mouth

60
Q

Oral candidiasis

A

White patches or plaques on the tongue or buccal mucosa

BRUSH THE THRUSH

61
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White area cannot be brushed off, potentially premalignant

62
Q

Oral carcinoma

A

SCC, check sides of tongue too!

63
Q

Torus palantinus

A

benign, midline mass in hard palate

64
Q

Gingivitis

A

changes to gum including redness, bleeding, edema, tenderness

65
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

excessive growth of gum tissue around teeth

66
Q

Tonsillar hypertrophy

A

excessive tonsillar growth

67
Q

Hairy tongue

A

benign, defect in desquamation of papillae

68
Q

Fissured tongue

A

multiple small grooves on dorsal tongue

69
Q

Geographic tongue

A

dorsum of tongue reveals smooth areas void of papillae

70
Q

Exudative tonsillitis

A

Can be from Group A Strep or Mono

71
Q

Peritonsillar abscess

A

unilateral peritonsillar swelling and shifted uvula

72
Q

Goiter

A

enlarged thyroid

73
Q

Tracheal deviation

A

shift from one side to another, can see this clearly on exam

74
Q

Jugular venous distension

A

blood flows backward from right atrium into jugular veins

Physical Diagnosis (2 decks)

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