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HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Miosis

A

Excessive pupil constriction

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2
Q

Mydriasis

A

Excessive pupil dilation

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3
Q

Nystagmus

A

“Dancing Eyes”, occurs during pausing while testing EOM

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4
Q

Chalazion

A

Non-tender blocked Meibomian gland

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5
Q

Hordeolum

A

Stye, tender red infection at the inner or outer margin of eyelid, usually from S. Aureus

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6
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Infection/inflammation of nasolacrimal sac

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7
Q

Entropion

A

Eyelid inversion: INWARD

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8
Q

Ectropion

A

Eyelid eversion: OUTWARD

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9
Q

Pingueculum

A

Yellow growth on bulbar conjunctiva, harmless, vision WNL

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10
Q

Pterygium

A

Thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea, may interfere with vision

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11
Q

Scleral Icterus

A

Yellow discoloration of the sclera

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12
Q

Xanthelasma

A

Raised, yellow, cholesterol filled plaques around eyelids

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13
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, can be viral, bacterial, allergic, irritant

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14
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball with lid retraction, seen in Grave’s Disease

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15
Q

Episcleritis

A

Localized ocular inflammation of the episcleral vessels

Presents as a central nodule with radiating vessels

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16
Q

Hyphema

A

Grossly visible blood in anterior chamber

Need immediate attention

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17
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

A

History of cough, sneeze, straining

Usually asymptomatic and self-limited

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18
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

Foreign body sensation

Photophobia, increased lacrimation, pain

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19
Q

Corneal chemical burn

A

Hx of liquid or gas splashed in eye

Immediate, prolonged irritation

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20
Q

Eye puncture

A

Puncture wound with hemorrhage and asymmetric, non-reactive dilated pupil, REFER ASAP

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21
Q

Cataract

A

Clouding of the lens

Causes painless progressive vision loss

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22
Q

Normal cup to disc ratio

A

Less than 1:2

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23
Q

Normal AV ratio

A

2:3

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24
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

Copper wire, silver wire, A-V nicking/crossing,

Cotton wool patches and hemorrhages seen on exam

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25
Diabetic retinopathy
Exam showing hemorrhages along with hard exudates that appear creamy/yellow and bright, also present is neovascularization arising from the disc Common in patients with DM and HTN
26
Glaucoma with cupping
Backwards depression of disc due to increased pressure | C to D ratio is greater than 1:2
27
Detached retina
Curtain like shadow over vision, flashes or floaters present, vision loss at risk
28
Papilledema
Optic disc swelling caused by intracranial pressure
29
Macular degeneration
Build up of cellular debris (drusen), light reflection will be decreased up retinal exam
30
What test should be done if corneal light reflex is abnormal?
Cover-Uncover Test
31
Amblyopia
Vision loss | Happens if strabismus is not detected and treated early
32
Esotropia
Inward movement of eye | Light displaced laterally on affected eye in corneal light reflection
33
Exotropia
Outward movement of eye | Light displaced medially on affected eye in corneal light reflection
34
Corneal Reflex
Touch edge of cornea with a rolled cotton and observe for responsive blink
35
Gouty tophi
Deposits of uric acid crystals on ear
36
Basal cell carcinoma
Raised, pearly nodule with central telangiectasia
37
Squamous cell carcinoma
Crusted border, central ulceration, bleeding
38
Conductive hearing loss
Problem conducting sound waves, usually something you can see like wax or foreign body
39
Sensorineural hearing loss
Disorder of the inner ear or cochlear nerve, can't see this
40
AC > BC
Normal, but can also be sensorineural hearing loss
41
BC > AC
Conductive hearing loss
42
Normal Weber Test
Hear sound in both ears equally
43
Abnormal Weber Test
Conductive: sound heard in bad ear Sensorineural: sound heard in good ear
44
Prescbycusis
Age related hearing loss
45
What is pneumatic otoscopy used for?
To assess TM mobility | Normal ear should have TM movement inward
46
Tympanosclerosis
Chalky white patch indicative of scarring of the TM
47
Acute otitis media
Bulging, erythematous TM
48
Serous effusion
Air bubbles present | Usually caused by viral URI or barotrauma
49
Bullous myringitis
Painful, hemorrhagic vesicles
50
Otitis externa
Swimmers ear, infection of the external auditory canal
51
Septal deviation
common, mild deviation often asymptomatic
52
Septal perforation
seen with trauma, infection, cocaine, s/p surgery
53
Nasal polyps
soft, pale growths commonly seen in allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis and other conditions
54
Anosmia
lack of sense of smell
55
Septal hematoma
seen following trauma, common in peds,
56
Epistaxis
nose bleed, kiesselbach's area
57
Allergic rhinitis
swollen, pale, blue, boggy turbinates
58
Sinusitis and URI
Erythematous turbinates
59
Angular cheilitis
Irritation, fissuring of the skin at corners of mouth
60
Oral candidiasis
White patches or plaques on the tongue or buccal mucosa | BRUSH THE THRUSH
61
Leukoplakia
White area cannot be brushed off, potentially premalignant
62
Oral carcinoma
SCC, check sides of tongue too!
63
Torus palantinus
benign, midline mass in hard palate
64
Gingivitis
changes to gum including redness, bleeding, edema, tenderness
65
Gingival hyperplasia
excessive growth of gum tissue around teeth
66
Tonsillar hypertrophy
excessive tonsillar growth
67
Hairy tongue
benign, defect in desquamation of papillae
68
Fissured tongue
multiple small grooves on dorsal tongue
69
Geographic tongue
dorsum of tongue reveals smooth areas void of papillae
70
Exudative tonsillitis
Can be from Group A Strep or Mono
71
Peritonsillar abscess
unilateral peritonsillar swelling and shifted uvula
72
Goiter
enlarged thyroid
73
Tracheal deviation
shift from one side to another, can see this clearly on exam
74
Jugular venous distension
blood flows backward from right atrium into jugular veins

Physical Diagnosis (2 decks)

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