HEENT Flashcards
Acute closed angle glaucoma
- IV mannitol
- Topical pilocarpine, topical apraclonidine (alpha agonist), topical timolol (beta-blocker)
- Acetazolamide orally or IV
- Frequently, topical steroids
Ménière disease patho-physiology
Type of peripheral vertigo presumed to be due to increased endolymph within the labyrinth and cochlea
Acute clusters of vertiginous symptoms with nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, hearing loss, or ear fullness, or any combination of these.
Ménière disease
Acute intermittent vertigo and associated hearing loss in the setting of an ear, nose, or throat infection
Labyrinthitis
Acute-onset constant vertigo that persists for days to months that does not tend to recur and is not associated with any hearing changes.
Vestibular neuronitis
Nontender nodule on the upper lid margin
Chalazion
Tender pustule at the lower lid margin
Hordeolum
Warm, fluctuant nodule below the medial lower lid
Dacryocystitis
Treatment for preseptal cellulitis that appear nontoxic
amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
24-hour ophthalmology follow-up
Labyrinthitis treatment
- Rest, hydration, antiemetics and vestibular depressants.
- Treatment with corticosteroids during the acute period of vertigo has been shown to improve the recovery of peripheral vestibular function in patients with acute labyrinthitis.
Acute mastoiditis antibiotic of choice?
IV ceftriaxone
Amaurosis fugax
Transient vision loss
Dx for proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and unilateral sensory deficits
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
- Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and portions of the trigeminal cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus
What cranial nerve is most commonly affected in necrotizing otitis externa?
Facial nerve
Afferent pupillary defect associated with what Dx?
Optic neuritis
