HEENT Flashcards
Light is focused posterior to the retina.
Hyperopia (also known as hypermetropia or farsightedness )
Light is focused anterior to the retina.
Myopia (also known as nearsightedness )
Light is not uniformly focused in all directions. Astigmatism is commonly a result of a cornea that is not perfectly spherical.
Astigmatism
Near vision decreases progressively as a result of a decrease in the eye’s ability to accommodate. Presbyopia occurs after age 40 years.
Presbyopia
A pupil constricted 1 to 2 mm that reacts to accommodation but is nonreactive to light.
Argyll Robertson pupil It occurs in association with neurosyphilis.
–The condition of a deviated, or crossed, eye. –It is the nonalignment of the eyes in such a way that the object being observed is not projected simultaneously on the fovea of each eye.
strabismus, or tropia. _________ Nasally: Esotropia Temporally: Exotropia Upward: Hypertropia
deviation of an eye nasally
Esotropia _____ strabismus, or tropia.
deviation of an eye temporally
Exotropia _____ strabismus, or tropia.
deviation of an eye upward
hypertropia _____ strabismus, or tropia.
- Benign growth on conjunctiva
- –A _________ is a more vascular growth on the bulbar conjunctiva that begins at the medial canthus and extends beyond the corneal-scleral junction to the cornea.
- –This typically triangle-shaped fibrovascular connective tissue may cause astigmatism or even decreased vision if it extends toward or occludes the pupillary margin.
- –The cause is thought to be chronic dry eyes because its frequency is higher among people living near the equator.
pterygium
Identify
pterygium
__________
- Benign growth on conjunctiva
- –A _________ is a more vascular growth on the bulbar conjunctiva that begins at the medial canthus and extends beyond the corneal-scleral junction to the cornea.
- –This typically triangle-shaped fibrovascular connective tissue may cause astigmatism or even decreased vision if it extends toward or occludes the pupillary margin.
- –The cause is thought to be chronic dry eyes because its frequency is higher among people living near the equator.
- Benign growth on conjunctiva
- A ________ is a whitish-yellow, triangular, nodular growth on the bulbar conjunctiva adjacent to the corneal-scleral junction (limbus);
- it does not cross on to the cornea.
pinguecula
Identify
pinguecula
___________
- Benign growth on conjunctiva
- A ________ is a whitish-yellow, triangular, nodular growth on the bulbar conjunctiva adjacent to the corneal-scleral junction (limbus);
- it does not cross on to the cornea.
bulging of the eyeball
Exophthalmos
Proptosis
- the most common cause of blindness.
- a type of degenerative eye disease.
- One of the first symptoms that patients experience is a “mistiness” of vision.
- Affected patients typically give a history in which vision has become “like looking through a dirty window.”
- As the lenticular opacity increases with time, there is a diminution of visual acuity in association with glare in bright light.
- This effect results from pupillary constriction limiting the light rays passing through the central portion of the lens, where the opacity is often most dense.
Cataracts
- As the lenticular opacity increases with time, there is a diminution of visual acuity in association with glare in bright light.
- This effect results from pupillary constriction limiting the light rays passing through the central portion of the lens, where the opacity is often most dense.
Cataracts
___________
- the most common cause of blindness.
- a type of degenerative eye disease.
- One of the first symptoms that patients experience is a “mistiness” of vision.
- Affected patients typically give a history in which vision has become “like looking through a dirty window.”
Identify
Cataracts
_______
- As the lenticular opacity increases with time, there is a diminution of visual acuity in association with glare in bright light.
- This effect results from pupillary constriction limiting the light rays passing through the central portion of the lens, where the opacity is often most dense.
___________
- the most common cause of blindness.
- a type of degenerative eye disease.
- One of the first symptoms that patients experience is a “mistiness” of vision.
- Affected patients typically give a history in which vision has become “like looking through a dirty window.”
Identify
Cataracts
_______
- As the lenticular opacity increases with time, there is a diminution of visual acuity in association with glare in bright light.
- This effect results from pupillary constriction limiting the light rays passing through the central portion of the lens, where the opacity is often most dense.
___________
- the most common cause of blindness.
- a type of degenerative eye disease.
- One of the first symptoms that patients experience is a “mistiness” of vision.
- Affected patients typically give a history in which vision has become “like looking through a dirty window.”
Identify
Ectropion
_____
is a turning outward of the eyelid margin
_______
Both entropions and ectropions may be seen as involutional changes associated with aging and may be associated with the dry eye syndrome.
Entropion
________
a turning inward of the lid margin in such a way that the eyelashes abrade the cornea and globe
__________
Both entropions and ectropions may be seen as involutional changes associated with aging and may be associated with the dry eye syndrome.
Identify
A stye, or acute external hordeolum
____
- a localized abscess in an eyelash follicle
- is caused by a staphylococcal infection.
- It is a painful, red infection that looks like a pimple pointing on the lid margin where the hair follicle of the eye lash or cilia is situated.
Identify
arcus senilis
___
- The cornea may show an infiltration of cholesterol deposits around the limbus
- A whitish ring at the perimeter of the cornea is probably an _________
- Due to advanced aging. In patients older than 40 years, this finding is usually a normal phenomenon.
- refers to a symptom complex that occurs in a variety of disease states.
- The characteristic finding in all types is an increased intraocular pressure.
- well-known sequela of iritis and synechiae formation
Glaucoma
