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Fundamentals > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Enlargement of head without enlargement of face structures

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2
Q

Acromegaly

A

Enlargement of skull/bony facial structures.

Excessive growth hormone

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3
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Abnormal shape of skull or bone growth at right angles/suture lines, exophthalmos (bulge eye), and droop eyelids.

May not see, but palpate

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4
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Temporary form of facial paralysis resulting from damaged CN 7

“Smile”

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5
Q

Myxedema

A

Peri-orbital edema, dry and dull skill

Prolonged hypothyroidism

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6
Q

Cushing’s Disease

A

Buffalo hump on back of neck

Age or steroid induced

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7
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of focus for close items due to hardness of lens which looses flexibility

“Cheaters” b/c can’t read pill bottle

Middle age (>40)

“Farsightedness”

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8
Q

Myopia

A

Sees objects near but not far

“Nearsighted”

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9
Q

Strabismus

A

Lazy eye at child age

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10
Q

Amblyopia

A

Loss of vision due to Strabismus untreated at childhood

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11
Q

Glaucoma

A

Intra-ocular pressure in eye that impacts optic nerve.

Can cause blindness if not reversed (meds, laser surgery)

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12
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Loss of center field of vision due to retina degeneration.

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13
Q

Entropion vs. ectropion

A

Eye lid roll inward versus outward.

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14
Q

Miotic

A

Pupil size smaller than 3 mm

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15
Q

Mydriatric

A

Pupil larger than 7 mm

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16
Q

PERRLA

A 
P= pupils
E= equal
R= round
R= reactive to 
L= light
A= accommodation (eye constricts when focusing on finger after focusing on distance) 7-8 cm away from nose
17
Q

Extraocular Muscle Functions

EOM

A

Cardinal field of gaze

“Follow my finger”

20-25 cm (about 10 inches)

18
Q

Cerumen

A

Wax in ears

19
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in ears

20
Q

Halitosis

A

Malodorous breath

21
Q

Presbycusis

A

Loss of hearing overtime (older age)

Speak low and slow

Fundamentals (2 decks)

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