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Assessment > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four components of physical assessment?

A

Inspection
Auscultation
Palpation
Percussion

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2
Q

In an infant, how long is head lag normal for?

A

normal in 3-4 months when pulled to a sitting position for a full term infant.

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3
Q

At what age are suture lined generally not palpable in infants?

A

4-6 months of age.

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4
Q

What is Entropion and Ectropion

A

Entropion: eyelid turns inward so eyelashes rub eyeball
Ectropion: eyelid droops away from eye and turns downward

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5
Q

What is arcus seniles?

A

gray or white arc visible above and below the outer part of cornea. Common in older adults and harmless

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6
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

inflammation of eyelid that affects eyelashes or tear production. Occurs when oil glands of the inner eyelid become inflamed

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7
Q

Difference between hordeolum (stye) and chalazion?

A

Hordeolum: small red painful lump that flows from the base of eyelash or under the eye.
Chalazion: firm, nontender nodular lesion of eyelid.

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8
Q

A ring of red or violet spreading out from around the cornea of the eye is known as what?

A

Ciliary Flush. It’s highly indicative or intraocular inflammation

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9
Q

The presence of blood within the aqueous fluid of the anterior chamber of the eye is known as what?

A

hyphen

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10
Q

What is iritis and uveitis?

A

Iritis is swelling and irritation of the colored ring around eye’s pupil (iris). Iritis of the anterior portion is aka anterior uveitis

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11
Q

inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye that has exudate rich with white blood cells is known as what?

A

hypopyon

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12
Q

What e cranial nerves innervate the eye? and what mnemonic can help remember?

A

CN III, IV and VI. LR6SO4
LR6: CN VI= Lateral rectus (outward)
SO4: CN IV=Superior oblique (downward and outward aka inferiorly and laterally)
CNIII: superior rectus (moves eye superiorly

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13
Q

In the Hirschberg reflex (corneal reflex) test, inward and outward deviation is known as what?

A

inward=Esotropia

Outward=Exotropia

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14
Q

How do you locate the macula?

A

during fundoycopic exam, look laterally from the optic disk

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15
Q

preauricular sinuses (pits) are often clinically linked to what in newborns?

A

renal disorders

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16
Q

In what direction should auricles be pulled during otoscopic exam?

A

retract auricle up and back in adults

children downward and backward

17
Q

Hearing is associate with what cranial nerve?

A

CN VIII

18
Q

How do you perform a Weber test?

A

tuning fork in middle of top of head
Conductive loss: pt hear BEST in “BAD ear”
Sensorineural loss: pt hear WORSE in BAD ear”

19
Q

How do you perform Rinne test?

A

Hold vibrating tuning fork on mastoid process
when no longer heard, hold it adjacent to external meatus of that ear.
Air condition is longer than bone

20
Q

At what age are maxillary and ethmoid sinuses present?
Frontal sinus?
sphenoid sinus

What are all fully mature?

A

maxillary and ethmoid: present at birth
Frontal sinus: 7 years of age
Sphenoid: adolescence

Fully present between 12-14

21
Q

Are supraclaviular lymph nodes normally present?

A

no, only present when disease is present

22
Q

What test can be done to test for meningeal signs and how to perform?

A

Kernig: with patient supine, flex patients hip and knee, then extend leg at knee. Back pain and resistance to straightening is a positive Kernig sign.

Brudzinski:With patient supine, put hands behind patient head and flex head to chest. Involuntary flexion of hips and knees is a positive Brudzinski sign

23
Q

How do you inspect the thyroid?

A

Inspect: Visibility, contour, symmetry
Palpate (from behind or in front )
Feel for enlargement or nodules
Neck slightly extended, fingers in nape of neck
Identify cricoid cartilage & thyroid isthmus
Neck forward and to the right
Move thyroid cartilage to the right
Ask patient to swallow
Turn to the right, displace to the right, feel to the right
Repeat to left
Auscultate thyroid if enlarged for bruit

Assessment (5 decks)

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