Hebrew Accents Flashcards
Group 1-Disjunctive accent
טטטֽ
סִלּוּק
silluq
Group 2-Disjunctive accent
טט֓ט׀
שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת
shalshelet
Group 1-Disjunctive accent
טטט֑
אַתְנָח
atnakh
Group 2-Disjunctive accent. Postpositive
טטט֒
סְגֹולְתָּא
segolta
Group 2-Disjunctive accent
טטט֔
זָקֵף קָטו̇ן
zaqeph qaton
Group 2-Disjunctive accent
טטט֕
זָקֵף גָּדו̇ל
zaqeph gadol
Group 2-Disjunctive accent
טטט֖
טִפְחָה
tiphkha
Group 3-Disjunctive accent
טטט֗
רְבִיעַ
revia
Group 3–Disjunctive accent. Postpositive
טטט֙
פַּשְׁסָא
pashta
Group 3-Disjunctive accent
טטט֘
זַרְקָא
zarqa
Group 3-Disjunctive accent
טטט֛
תְּבִיר
tevir
Group 3-Disjunctive accent. Prepositive
ט֚טט
Yetiv will always be placed to the right of the vowel-יְתִיב
yetiv
Group 4-Disjunctive accent
טטט֡
פָּזֵר
pazer
Group 4-Disjunctive accent
טטט֟
קַרְנֵי פָרָה
qarne parah2
2 An alternative name is pazer gadol (פָּזֵר גָּדוֹל). I prefer qarne parah because it means “horns of a cow,” which is what the symbol looks like, so it should be easier to remember.
Group 4-Disjunctive accent. Prepositive
ט֠טט
תְּלִישָׁא גְּדז̇לָה
telisha gedolah
Group 4-Disjunctive accent
טטט֜
גֶּרֶשׁ
geresh
Group 4-Disjunctive accent
טטט֞
גֶּרְשַׁיִם
gershayim
Group 4-Disjunctive accent
טטט֣׀
לְגַרְמֶהּ
legarmeh
Conjunctive Accents
טטט֥
מֵרְכָא
merekha
Conjunctive Accents
מֵרְכָא כְּפוּלָה
merekha kephulah
Conjunctive Accents
טטט֣
מוּנָח
munakh
Conjunctive Accents
טטט֚
-מְהֻפָּח mehuppakh will be placed to the left of the vowel.
mehuppakh
Conjunctive Accents
טטט֪
גַּלְגַּל
galgal
Conjunctive Accents
טטט֧
דַּרְגָּא
darga
Conjunctive Accents
טטט֨
אַזְלָא
azla3
3 An alternative name is qadma (קַדְמָא).
Conjunctive Accents. Postpositive
טטט֩
תְּלִישָׁא קְטַנָּה
telisha qetannah
Prepositive accents
Prepositive accents are placed at the very front of a word, regardless of where the stress lies.
Postpositive Accents
Postpositive accents are placed at the very end of a word, regardless of where the stress lies.
Disjunctive accents
The disjunctive sense markers indicate where the reader is to pause in the reading of the text.
Conjunctive Accents
The conjunctive sense markers, on the other hand, require the reader to keep going and to read a word closely with what follows. In a sense it joins two ideas, or words that are related by action or something in the sentence.
Silluq ◌◌ֽ
Silluq ◌◌ֽ always occurs on the very last word of a verse, and it divides one verse from another.
Atnakh ֑
Atnakh ֑ divides a verse in half, not in terms of word count but in terms of sense.
Group 2 accents
In general, accents in group 2 divide in half units created by accents in group 1.
Group 2
Segolta ֒
Segolta ֒ divides the first half of a verse in half,20 but is never used after atnakh, that is, segolta is never used to divide the second half of a verse in half. In addition, segolta is not used with high frequency, being found only in longer verses
Shalshelet ◌◌֓׀
Shalshelet ◌◌֓׀ is a substitute for segolta and occurs only fourteen times in the Twenty-One. So, if you encounter shalshelet, think of it as segolta.
ZAQEPH GADOL ◌◌֕
ZAQEPH GADOL ◌◌֕
Zaqeph gadol ◌◌֕ is a substitute for zaqeph qaton. If you encounter zaqeph gadol, think of it as zaqeph qaton.
Zaqeph qaton ֔
Zaqeph qaton ֔ is statistically the most common accent used to divide a half verse in half, and unlike segolta, zaqeph is used to divide both the first and the second halves of a verse in half.
Tiphkha ֖
Tiphkha ֖ is a bit more multifaceted than the accents studied to this point. First, when tiphkha occurs, it is always the final disjunctive accent before silluq or atnakh. Second, in shorter half verses tiphkha, not zaqeph, divides the half in half, while in longer half verses tiphkha divides the unit following zaqeph in half.
Revia ◌◌ׄ
Revia ◌◌ׄ
Revia ◌◌ׄ divides in half a unit created by a group 2 accent.
Zarqa ◌◌֘
Zarqa ◌◌֘ occurs only in a unit created by segolta. Being a group 3 accent, zarqa is in the same group as revia, but zarqa is not as strong as revia. Typically, a segolta unit is divided in half by revia, but in the absence of revia, zarqa can divide a short segolta unit in half.
PASHTA ◌◌֙
PASHTA ◌◌֙
Pashta ◌◌֙ occurs only in a unit created by zaqeph. Being a group 3 accent, pashta is in the same group as revia and zarqa, but pashta is not as strong as revia or zarqa. Typically, a zaqeph unit is divided in half by revia, but in the absence of revia, pashta can divide a short zaqeph unit in half.
TEVIR ◌◌֛
TEVIR ◌◌֛
Tevir ◌◌֛ occurs only in a unit created by tiphkha. Being a group 3 accent, tevir is in the same group as revia, zarqa, and pashta, but tevir is not as strong as revia, zarqa, or pashta. Typically, a tiphkha unit is divided in half by revia, but in the absence of revia, tevir can divide a short tiphkha unit in half.
YETIV ◌◌֚
YETIV ◌◌֚
Yetiv ◌◌֚ is a substitute for pashta, so if you encounter yetiv, think of it as pashta.
Group 4
accents in group 4 divide in half units created by accents in group 3.
PAZER ◌◌֡
PAZER ◌◌֡
Pazer ◌◌֡ divides in half a unit created by revia, zarqa, pashta, or tevir.
QARNE PARAH ◌◌֟
QARNE PARAH ◌◌֟
Qarne parah25 ◌◌֟ is a substitute for pazer, so if you encounter qarne parah, think of it as pazer.
25 Also called pazer gadol.
TELISHA GEDOLAH ◌◌֠
TELISHA GEDOLAH ◌◌֠
Telisha gedolah ◌◌֠ is a substitute for pazer, so if you encounter telishah gedolah, think of it as pazer..
GERESH ◌◌֜
GERESH ◌◌֜
Geresh ◌◌֜ divides in half a unit created by revia, zarqa, pashta, or tevir..
GERSHAYIM ◌◌֞
GERSHAYIM ◌◌֞
Gershayim ◌◌֞ is a substitute for geresh ◌◌֜, so if you encounter gershayim, think of it as geresh.
Conjunctive accents 2
In short, the conjunctive accents are placed on words in between the disjunctive accents, and they thereby show the words that are to be treated as a unit, starting with the first conjunctive accent and ending with a disjunctive accent.
LEGARMEH ◌◌֣׀
LEGARMEH ◌◌֣׀
Legarmeh ◌◌֣׀ typically occurs before revia .
Merekha ◌◌֥
Merekha ◌◌֥
Merekha ◌◌֥ is the conjunctive accent that will occur immediately before silluq, the strongest disjunctive accent (when silluq is not preceded by a disjunctive accent).
Munakh ◌◌֣
Munakh ◌◌֣
Munakh ◌◌֣, the most frequent conjunctive accent, is the conjunctive accent that will occur immediately before atnakh, the second strongest disjunctive accent (when atnakh is not preceded by a disjunctive accent).
Munakh 2
Munakh is also the conjunctive accent that will occur immediately before zaqeph, the third-strongest disjunctive accent (when zaqeph is not preceded by a disjunctive accent).
Munakh 3
Munakh ֣ is also the conjunctive accent that will occur immediately before zarqa, another group 3 disjunctive accent.
Mehuppakh
Mehuppakh ֤
Mehuppakh ֤ is the conjunctive accent that will occur immediately before pashta, a group 3 disjunctive accent.12
12 Remember that mehuppakh looks like yetiv, but yetiv is prepositive. Compare כִּ֚י (yetiv in Gen 3:5) and כִּ֤י (mehuppakh in Gen 4:12).
Azla ֨
Azla ֨
Azla ֨ is the conjunctive accent that will occur immediately before geresh, a group 4 disjunctive accent.
Silluq Exegesis
Silluq (הָאָֽרֶץ) marks the end of the verse, and atnakh (אֱלֹהִ֑ים) marks the midpoint, separating the predicate and the subject (atnakh A) from the direct objects (atnakh B).
