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CHEM 250 - UBC > Heavy Metal Toxicity > Flashcards

Heavy Metal Toxicity Flashcards

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1
Q

Define trace element

A

elements at very low concentration levels (usually less than a few ppm in water)

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2
Q

Define trace substance

A

elements or compounds at very low concentration levels

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3
Q

Give two examples of metals that are toxic even in trace amounts

A

lead and mercury

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4
Q

What are essential elements

A

trace elements present in a healthy body

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5
Q

Is more the merrier with essential elements?

A

no, essential elements have optimal concentrations

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6
Q

What happens when you dont have enough essential elements?

A

deficiency diseases

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7
Q

What happens when you have too much of a essential element?

A

negative effects……

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8
Q

What is the treatment for lead poisoning?

A

Chelation therapy (EDTA)

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9
Q

Name 2 sources of lead

A

– Water systems through industrial (gasoline and battery)
and mining operations
– Water through mineral ores such as PbS

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10
Q

Name 2 biological effects of lead

A

– Inhibits hemoglobin synthesis (replaces Fe2+)

– Brain and central nervous system dysfunction(replaces Ca2+)

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11
Q

What is the biological role of arsenic?

A

replace phosphorous in some microorganisms – not fully understood

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12
Q

Name 2 sources of arsenic

A

– Water through industrial and mining operations

– Water through mineral ores such as FeAsS (arsenopyrite)

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13
Q

Name 3 biological effects of arsenic

A

– Interferes with cell energy and growth by chelating to thiol
groups in enzymes
– Carcinogenic
– Small amount of inorganic arsenic compounds can be converted into the less toxic organic compounds and excreted

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14
Q

Which is more toxic As(III) or As(V)?

A

As(III)

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15
Q

Which is more toxic an organic or a inorganic compound containing arsenic?

A

the iorganic compound

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16
Q

What is the treatement for arsenic poisoning?

A

chelation therapy (BAL)

17
Q

What is the biological role of cadmium?

A

metalloenzymes for photosynthesis

18
Q

Name 2 sources of cadmium

A

– Natural mineral ores such as CdS

– Mining, zinc production , Nickel-Cadmium battery

19
Q

Name 2 biological effects of cadmium

A

– Reacts similarly to Zn in body, replaces Zn in enzymes

– Kidney, liver and degenerative bone diseases

20
Q

Can the human body naturally excrete cadmium?

A

no

21
Q

How fast do you need to treat cadmium exposure?

A

within hours

22
Q

What is the treatment for cadmium poisoning?

A

chelation therapy (EDTA, DMSA: dimercaptosuccinic acid)

23
Q

Name 2 biological effects of Mercury

A

– Elemental vapour Hg(0)(g) and organic volatile like (CH3)2Hg are the most toxic as they are easily absorbed. Accumulate in brain (visual and hearing loss) – “Minimata disease”
– Inorganic Hg less toxic but can concentrate in kidney and prolonged exposure may cause death or paralysis

24
Q

Name 2 sources of arsenic

A

– Water through mineral ores such as HgS

– Burning coal and petroleum, chlor-alkali industry

25
Q

What is the treatment for Mercury poisoning?

A

chelation therapy (d-penicillamine or 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (also known as British Anti – Lewisite, BAL))

26
Q

What is the biological role of Nickel?

A

metalloenzymes both essential and toxic

27
Q

Name 2 sources of Nickel

A

– Naturally occurring ores (high abundance)

– Mining and catalysts in industry, batteries, cigarettes

28
Q

Name a biological effects of Nickel

A

Displaces zinc in enzymes

29
Q

What is the treatment for Nickel poisoning?

A

chelation therapy: EDTA, DMSA, d-penicillamine

30
Q

Name 2 sources of Tin

A

– Water through ores and pipes containing tin

– Mining and catalysts in industry

31
Q

Name a biological effects of Tin

A

– Displaces Zn2+ in enzymes

– Displaces Ca2+ affecting signal between neurons

32
Q

What is the treatment for Tin poisoning?

A

– chelation therapy: EDTA, DMSA, d-penicillamine

33
Q

Is an organic or an inorganic compound containing tin more toxic?

A

organic

34
Q

Name 2 sources of Aluminum

A

– Naturally occurring ores (high abundance)

– Cosmetics, catalysts , cookware

35
Q

Name a biological effects of Aluminum

A

– Displaces Fe3+ disrupting cell energy production

– Linked to Alzheimer’s disease (aggregates formed in brains)

36
Q

What is the treatment for Aluminum poisoning?

A

– chelation therapy: EDTA

CHEM 250 - UBC (12 decks)

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