HEAVEN ET AL

Question 1

what was the aim of Heaven (1996)?

Answer 1

To see if psychoticism, neuroticism and self-esteem were significant predictors (correlated) of self-reported delinquency

Answer 2

previous researchers questioned the value of N in predicting self-reported delinquency

Question 3

what was the sample of Heaven (1996)?

Answer 3

282 teenagers (aged 13-15) from
two Catholic schools in Australia

Question 4

what research methods were used in Heaven (1996)?

Answer 4

Questionnaire and longitudinal study

Question 5

what was the procedure of the Heaven (1996)?

Answer 5

Participants completed questionnaires at Time 1 (14 years old) and 2 years later at Time 2 ( 16 years old).

1) measured psychoticism, extraversion
& self-esteem (better measure than neuroticism).

2) used self-report to measure delinquency (looked at violence, vandalism & theft).

Answer 6

Males are more likely than females
to be involved delinquency at Time 1 & Time 2.

-There was found to be a positive correlation between psychoticism & delinquency at Time 1 & Time 2.

traits only explain a part of criminal behaviour.

psychoticism is linked to delinquency

Question 7

Name 2 limitations of Heaven (1996)?

Answer 7

Limited by social desirability as it
was self-report

correlation doesn’t prove cause and effect, just a relationship