Heath Psychology

Question 1

What is normal attention and memory?

Answer 1

Attention- process of focusing on a particular piece of info

Question 2

Three models of how attention and mem work

Answer 2

• STM
• LTM
• Broadbent’s Filter Model of selective attention (we not blocking the ‘unattended’ signal, they are attenuated and depends on our subjectivity (cocktail party effect)

Question 3

What is the stroop effect

Answer 3

A demostration of slow in reaction time of a task

• we need to switch our attention from words to say the colours of words
• attentional control

Question 4

Aspects of working memory model, what aspects help form a working memory

Answer 4

• Phonological loop: auditory store
• Visuo- spatial scratchpad: images
• episodic buffer: intégrations of info
• central executive: give attention
• episodic memory (memory of past events)

Question 5

Causes of errors in pharmacy - reason’s model

Answer 5

1 SLIPS attentional failure
2 LAPSES working memory failure
1,2 unintended action, 3 intended action
3 rule/knowledge based mistake- info from long term memory (SOP) misapplied

Question 6

How can we improve attention and memory

Answer 6

• environmental restricting eg avoid distraction
• varying takes
• mindfulness
• not cognitive training / brain games

Question 7

How to manage emotions in professional practice

Answer 7

1 check your own emotions
2 Focus on breathing
3 think before you speak
5 be empathetic

Question 8

SAALT

Answer 8

Smile apologies acknowledge listen and thanks

Question 9

What makes ‘effective’ working relationships?

Answer 9

• respect
• understanding
• address differences effectively

Question 10

what is an ALLOSTATIC STATE

Answer 10

system stable but outside of normal homeostatic range eg HT

Question 11

equality act 2010, name 9 protected characteristics

Answer 11

age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage/civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion, sexual orientation, sex

Question 12

Define health literacy

Answer 12

‘the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health’
More than the ability to read
‘environmental, social and political’

Question 13

How can we define health literacy domains?

Answer 13

Ability to access, understand, appraise and use information relavent to health

Question 14

What proportion of adults (aged 16-64) in England does the NHS estimate do not have sufficient comprehension and numeracy skills to understand everyday health information?

Answer 14

61%

Question 15

How good is health literacy in the UK?

Answer 15

43% of people could not understand drug instructions/ health info

Question 16

Which age group has the lowest levels of health literacy in the UK?

Answer 16

Older adults (aged 65+)

Question 17

Give examples of interventions to overcome health literacy

Answer 17

• teach back method
• ‘natural frequencies’ e.g. 8 in 100 people not %
• simplify maths – keep denominator low (e.g. 1 in 4 not 25 in 100)
• Visual decision aids )visual analogue scale for pain

Question 18

Nudging= ?

Answer 18

making the healthier action easier, pt predispose to act in a particular way

Question 19

Defining childhood/ adolescence

Answer 19

child <16
adolesence 10-19
however not clear on if it was defined regarding to biological or social ascept

Question 20

Children’s and young people’s health forum recommend- adolescence and early adulthood is

Answer 20

10-24 yo

Question 21

Current trends in adolescent health

Answer 21

Teenage pregnancy, Smoking, Alcohol, drug use reduced

self harm increased

Question 22

brain dev in adolesent

Answer 22

decrease in grey matter, inrease in white matter- more myelinated nerve for faster reactions