Heath Psychology Flashcards
What is normal attention and memory?
Attention- process of focusing on a particular piece of info
Three models of how attention and mem work
- STM
- LTM
- Broadbent’s Filter Model of selective attention (we not blocking the ‘unattended’ signal, they are attenuated and depends on our subjectivity (cocktail party effect)
What is the stroop effect
A demostration of slow in reaction time of a task
- we need to switch our attention from words to say the colours of words
- attentional control
Aspects of working memory model, what aspects help form a working memory
- Phonological loop: auditory store
- Visuo- spatial scratchpad: images
- episodic buffer: intégrations of info
- central executive: give attention
- episodic memory (memory of past events)
Causes of errors in pharmacy - reason’s model
1 SLIPS attentional failure
2 LAPSES working memory failure
1,2 unintended action, 3 intended action
3 rule/knowledge based mistake- info from long term memory (SOP) misapplied
How can we improve attention and memory
- environmental restricting eg avoid distraction
- varying takes
- mindfulness
- not cognitive training / brain games
How to manage emotions in professional practice
1 check your own emotions
2 Focus on breathing
3 think before you speak
5 be empathetic
SAALT
Smile apologies acknowledge listen and thanks
What makes ‘effective’ working relationships?
- respect
- understanding
- address differences effectively
what is an ALLOSTATIC STATE
system stable but outside of normal homeostatic range eg HT
equality act 2010, name 9 protected characteristics
age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage/civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion, sexual orientation, sex
Define health literacy
‘the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health’
More than the ability to read
‘environmental, social and political’
How can we define health literacy domains?
Ability to access, understand, appraise and use information relavent to health
What proportion of adults (aged 16-64) in England does the NHS estimate do not have sufficient comprehension and numeracy skills to understand everyday health information?
61%
How good is health literacy in the UK?
43% of people could not understand drug instructions/ health info
Which age group has the lowest levels of health literacy in the UK?
Older adults (aged 65+)
Give examples of interventions to overcome health literacy
- teach back method
- ‘natural frequencies’ e.g. 8 in 100 people not %
- simplify maths – keep denominator low (e.g. 1 in 4 not 25 in 100)
- Visual decision aids )visual analogue scale for pain
Nudging= ?
making the healthier action easier, pt predispose to act in a particular way
Defining childhood/ adolescence
child <16
adolesence 10-19
however not clear on if it was defined regarding to biological or social ascept
Children’s and young people’s health forum recommend- adolescence and early adulthood is
10-24 yo
Current trends in adolescent health
Teenage pregnancy, Smoking, Alcohol, drug use reduced
self harm increased
brain dev in adolesent
decrease in grey matter, inrease in white matter- more myelinated nerve for faster reactions
