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GCSE Physics > Heat Transfers and Energy Resources > Flashcards

Heat Transfers and Energy Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is conduction?

A

The transfer of heat by particles colliding with each other

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2
Q

In which state of matter does conduction occur in?

A

Solids, liquids and gases.

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3
Q

What solids are the best at conducting?

A

Metals

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4
Q

Which state of matter does conduction occur in the fastest and why?

A

Solids, because particles are close together

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5
Q

Why are metals the best solids at conduction?

A

They have free, delocalised electrons.

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6
Q

How does conduction occur?

A

When thermal energy is applied, particles move quicker, and bump into each other more often. This causes energy to be passed along, until the heat is evenly distributed.

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7
Q

How does conduction occur?

A

When thermal energy is applied, particles move quicker, and bump into each other more often. This causes energy to be passed along, until the heat is evenly distributed.

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8
Q

Why does conduction not work as well in liquids and gases?

A

Because the particles are too far apart

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9
Q

Why does an ice cube make your hand feel cold?

A

Heat is leaving your hand to heat up the ice cube.

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10
Q

Where can convection not occur?

A

Solids or vacuums

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11
Q

In what states of matter can convection occur?

A

Liquids and gases

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12
Q

Why can convection only occur in liquids and gases?

A

Because particles must be free to move

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13
Q

How are convection currents created?

A

When a liquid or gas is heated, the particles gain energy and move around more quickly and take up more space. This creates a region of low density which rises upwards. As it rises, cool fluid rushes in from the side, and heats up. Meanwhile, the hot fluid at the top cools and starts to sink again.

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14
Q

What is radiation?

A

It is the only way that energy can get to us from the sun. It travels as a wave, and does not require particles, so therefore can travel through a vacuum.

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15
Q

What is infrared radiation?

A

The radiation we get from the sun, and it belongs in the same family as visible light and ultraviolet radiation. This family is called the Electromagnetic spectrum

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16
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum

A
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17
Q

What colour is the best at absorbing and emitting radiation?

A

Matt, black objects

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18
Q

Are Matt, black objects good insulators?

A

No

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19
Q

What colours are the best insulators of radiation?

A

White or silver shiny objects

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20
Q

What are the worst absorbers/ emitters of radiation?

A

White/silver shiny objects

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21
Q

How does the rate of absorbing/emitting radiation change with surface area?

A

The larger the surface area, the more radiation it is capable of absorbing and emitting.

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22
Q

Which colour would be hotter, a shiny silver or Matt black?

A

Matt black

23
Q

In a house, where is heat energy lost to?

A
24
Q

How can you inhibit heat loss in walls and roofs?

A

Fibre-glass

25
Q

How does fibre-glass insulate your house?

A

It contains pockets of trapped air. Air can transfer heat by convection, but if it is not free to move, it is an insulator, as convection cannot happen. If you create many layers, heat cannot escape by conduction or convection.

26
Q

How can you prevent heat loss from draughts?

A

Gap fillers, because it inhibits convection.

27
Q

How can you prevent heat loss from windows?

A

Double glazing

28
Q

How does double glazing in windows work to prevent heat loss in your house?

A

Two sheets of glass, with trapped air in between. This makes conduction and convection less efficient.

29
Q

How can you prevent heat loss from the floor?

A

Using rugs

30
Q

How do rugs prevent heat loss to the floor?

A

By inhibiting conduction.

31
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A substance that stores chemical energy

32
Q

How do you release electricity from fuel?

A

The fuel is burnt, releasing heat energy, and so the chemical energy store in the fuel decreases. The thermal energy heats the water, and it turns into steam. The steam turns the turbine, which gains kinetic energy and the generator then transfers this into electrical energy.

33
Q

What are the two types of fuel?

A

Renewable and non renewable

34
Q

What are the two types of non renewable energy resources?

A

Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, gas)
Nuclear

35
Q

What are the pros of fossil fuels?

A

Produce a lot of energy
Relatively cheap
Quick

36
Q

What are the cons of fossil fuels?

A

Finite
Produces CO2 - Global warming
Produces Sulfur dioxide - Acid rain

37
Q

What are the pros of nuclear energy?

A

No harmful gases emitted
A lot of energy

38
Q

What are the cons of nuclear energy?

A

Nuclear waste stays radioactive
Expensive
Takes a long time to start up+ shut down

39
Q

What are the seven types of renewable energy resources?

A

Wind
Solar
Tidal
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Biofuel
Waves

40
Q

What are the pros of wind energy?

A

No fuel costs
Can be in isolated areas

41
Q

What are the cons of wind energy?

A

Not reliable
Noisy and ugly

42
Q

What are the pros of solar energy?

A

No fuel costs

43
Q

What are the cons of solar energy?

A

Not reliable
Low power output

44
Q

What are the pros of hydroelectric energy?

A

Reliable
No fuel costs

45
Q

What are the cons of hydroelectric energy?

A

Flooding of land

46
Q

What are the pros of geothermal energy?

A

Reliable
No fuel costs

47
Q

What are the cons of geothermal energy?

A

Only available in specific locations

48
Q

What are the pros of wave energy?

A

No fuel costs

49
Q

What are the cons of wave energy?

A

Not reliable
Dangerous

50
Q

What are the pros of tidal energy?

A

Reliable
No fuel costs
High power output

51
Q

What are the cons of tidal energy?

A

Flooding river destroys habitats

52
Q

What are the pros of using biofuel as an energy source?

A

Carbon neutral
Reliable
High power output

53
Q

What are the cons of using biofuel as an energy source?

A

Huge amount of land used up
Environmental impact if forest cleared

GCSE Physics (10 decks)

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