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Parasit exam 5 > Heartworm > Flashcards

Heartworm Flashcards

1
Q

Dirofilaria immitis geographic distribution

A

south, southwest parts

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2
Q

Dirofilaria immitis sex

A

dioecious

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3
Q

Dirofilaria immitis PPP

A

6-9 months

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4
Q

Routes of infestation

A

through mosquito, en utero

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5
Q

En utero transmission causes

A

only circulating L1 but not patent infection

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6
Q

2 types of heartworm infestation

A

patent and occult

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7
Q

percentage of patent infections

A

75%

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8
Q

patent infections

A

adults in heart and circulating L1

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9
Q

percentage of occult infections

A

25%

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10
Q

occult infections

A

adults in heart, no circulating L1

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11
Q

adults site of infestation

A

right ventricle, pulmonary artery

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12
Q

microfilaria site of infestation

A

peripheral blood, tissue, ectopic in cats (eyes,cns,body cavities, lungs

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13
Q

pathogenesis(5)

A

eosinophilia, obstruction of capillaries, right heart failure(ascites), pulmonary embolism, acute dyspnea

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14
Q

Clinical signs(6)

A

exercise intolerance, coughing, hemoptysis, lethargy, pulmonary hypertension, intermittent persistent cough

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15
Q

severe heartworm infestation

A

caval syndrome

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16
Q

Microfilaria DX tests (6)

A

Direct drop, blood smear/cytology, Microhematorit techniques, saponin technique, filter technique, modified knot technique

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17
Q

Adult DX tests

A

ELISA, IFA

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18
Q

Direct drop tests looks for

A

microfilaria, motility

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19
Q

scan direct drop on

A

10x

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20
Q

Blood smear tests for

A

microfilaria, motility

21
Q

scan blood smear on

A

4x

22
Q

buffy coat method tests for

A

microfilaria, motility

23
Q

buffy coat layer centerfuge

A

6000rpm, 5 minutes

24
Q

view buffy coat on

A

10x on slide

25
Q

tube method tests for

A

mircofilaria, motility

26
Q

saponin technique put what on slide

A

sediment

27
Q

filter technique stain with

A

methylene blue

28
Q

ELISA stands for

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

29
Q

ELISA tests for

A

Ag only from dogs from adult female

30
Q

IFA stands for

A

immunofluorescence assay

31
Q

IFA detects

A

antigens from adults and microfilaria

32
Q

Heartworm preventatives

A

Macrocyclic lactones

33
Q

4 macrocyclic lactones

A

ivermectin, moxidectin, selemectin, milbemycin oxime

34
Q

ivermectin brand names

A

heartguard 30, nuheart, heartguard 30 plus(pyrantel)

35
Q

Milbemycin Oxime brand name

A

interceptor(off market), sentinal( with lufenuron flea birth control), Trifexies( with spinocide)

36
Q

Moxidectin(higher risk) brand names

A

Proheart, doesn’t kill L1 circulating larva

37
Q

Selemectin brand name

A

revolution (broadspectrum)

38
Q

microfilaria can live

A

2 years in the body

39
Q

Adult treatment

A

Melasomine dihydrochloride 3 times total deep IM

40
Q

microfilaria treatment

A

ivermectin

41
Q

give antihistamine when treating with ivermectin because

A

anaphylaxis from dying microfilaria

42
Q

doxycycline given because

A

reduce pathology associated with dying heartworm, also distrupts tranmission because kills spirochete that they need to breed

43
Q

prednisone with

A

melarsomine injection

44
Q

exersice restriction how many weeks after last melarsamine injection

A

6-8 weeks

45
Q

feline heart worm what percent of canine

A

10%

46
Q

occult infestations more likely in cats because

A

can only house 1-6 worms

47
Q

2 stages of heartworm in cat

A
  1. Arrival of heart worm in pulmonary vasculture. 2. death of adult heartworm
48
Q

Heart worm symptoms term in cats

A

Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease

49
Q

PIM stands for

A

pulmonary intravascular macrophage

Parasit exam 5 (2 decks)

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