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Anatomy > Heart - year 1 > Flashcards

Heart - year 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The coronary veins drain into the ___ ____

A

Coronary sinus

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2
Q

Label the coronary arteries

A
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3
Q

What is cardiac tamponade

A

Build up of fluid in the pericardium resulting in compression of the heart (as pericardium is non-distensible)
Can be due to perforation of coronary artery causing blood to leak out of heart and into pericardium

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4
Q

Which coronary arteries are most likely to become blocked ?

A

Anterior interventricular branch
Circumflex
Right coronary artery

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5
Q

Label the phrenic nerve

A
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6
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Remnant of foetal vessel (ductus arteriosus)

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7
Q

Where do the coronary arteries derive from?

A

The openings in the aortic cusps

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8
Q

Describe the function of the papillary muscles , trabecular carneae, moderator band and muscular pectinate

A

The cords that hold the AV valves in postition are attached via the papillary muscles

Trabeculae carnae are the irregular ridges of the ventricular walls - they prevent suction (this would occur if the muscle was completely flat and smooth)

The moderator band is where the right bundle branch is found

The pectinate muscle are parallel ridges in the atrial walls

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9
Q

Describe the structure of the aorta

A

The arch splits into the brachiocephalic trunk , the left common carotid arter and the left subclavian arteri

The descending thoracic aorta splits into the visceral and partietal branches to supply the contents of the thorax

The descending abdominal aorta supplies the rest of the entire body

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10
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

birth defect in which a part of the aorta is narrower than usual

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11
Q

if you were to pass your finger through the transverse pericardial sinus, it would be : a)Anterior to the SVC, ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

b) Anterior to the SVC and ascending aorta, and posterior to the pulmonary trunk
c) Anterior to the SVC, posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
d) Posterior to the SVC, and anterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
e) Posterior to the SVC and ascending aorta, and anterior to the pulmonary trunk
f) Posterior to the SVC ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

c

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12
Q

this CT scan is at level T2/3 ; label the numbered structures

A 
1= R brachiocephalic vein
2=L brachiocephalic vein 
3=brachiocephalic trunk 
4=L common carotid artery 
5=left subclavian artery 
6=oesophagus
7=trachea
10= costal cartilage 
11= Sternum 
12= costal cartilage 
13= R axillary vein 
14= R lung
15= L lung
16 = vertebral body
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13
Q

this CT scan is at level T4/5 ; label the numbered structures

A 
6- oesophagus 
7- trachea 
10 - costal cartilage 
11 - sternum 
14- R lung
15 - L lung
17- vertebral body
20 - aortic arch 
22 - SVC
23 - arch of azygous vein 
31 - internal thoracic vessels
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14
Q

this CT scan is at T6/7; name the numbered structures

A 
6 - oesophagus 
8 - R main bronchus 
9 - L main bronchus 
10 - costal cartilage 
11 - sternum 
14/15 - lungs
18 - T6 vertebral body 
22 - SVC
24 - ascending aorta 
25 - descending aorta 
26 - conus arteriosus 
27 - pulmonary trunk 
28 - R pulmonary artery 
29 - L pulmonary artery 
30 - hemiazygous vein 
31 - internal thoracic vessels
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15
Q

this CT scan is at level T8/9 ; identify the numbered structures

A 
6 - oesophagus 
10 - costal cartilage 
11 - sternum 
14/15 - lungs
19 - T8 vertebral body 
23 - arch of azygous vein
25 - descending aorta
30 - hemiazygous vein
31 - internal thoracic vessels
32 - R atrium 
33 - R ventricle 
34 - L atrium 
35 - L ventricle 
36 - R pulmonary vein 
37 - L pulmonary vein
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16
Q

which structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?

A

azygous vein, splanchnic nerves, thoracic duct

17
Q

At what vertebral level is this CT scan?

A

T4/5

18
Q

the phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm and two other structures; name them

A

fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura

19
Q

where does the pericardium attach ? which vessels pass through the pericardium?

A

to the diaphragm via pericardiophrenic ligaments, sternum via sterno-pericardial ligaments and vertebral column ; pulmonary arteries/veins/ascending aorta/SVC/IVC

20
Q

how is cardiomegaly identified on a chest x-ray ?

A

heart should be <50% of length of thorax

21
Q

list the structures that pass through the superior thoracic aperture

A

cervical pleura, vagus/phrenic nerves, L carotid artery, subclavian arteries, trachea/oesophagus, thoracic duct, brachiocephalic trunk, recurrent laryngeal nerve, sympathetic chain

22
Q

at the T3 level what heart vessels can be seen

A

the 5 vessel view : SVC / R and L brachiocephalic vein/ L common carotid artery/ L subclavian artery/ brachiocephalic artery

23
Q

what main heart structure can you see at the T4 level?

A

aortic arch

24
Q

what main structures can you see at the T5 level?

A

called the aorto-pulmonary view ; ascending/descending aorta

25
Q

describe where the transverse sinus is found

A

tunnel shaped passage posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk but anterior to SVC

26
Q

describe where the oblique pericardial sinus is found

A

behind the heart - lies behind the LA mainly and between the pulmonary veins

27
Q

label this diagram

A

subclavian vessels go to neck and arm so are horizontal brachiocephalic trunk splits into R subclavian artery and r common carotid artery ; brachiocephalic means head and arm

28
Q

This is a diagram of the inferior mediastinum from the right lateral view; identify the labelled structures

A
29
Q

This is a diagram of the inferior mediastinum from the left lateral view; identify the labelled structures*

A
30
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the ___ . it supplies the muscles of the ____. The left nerve loops under the ____ ____ , and the right nerve loops under the ___ ____ _____ then traveling upwards.

A

vagus nerve, larynx, aortic arch, R subclavian artery

31
Q

The pericardial sac lies between which vertebrae?

A

T5 and T8

32
Q

How is Pericarditis distinguished from MI?

A

Chest pain due to pericarditis is sharp and has a fast onset ; improves when you sit up ; worsens when you breath in deeply and coughing

Pericardial friction rub

33
Q

What is the coronary sinus

A

Vein that drains all the deoxygenated blood from the myocardial tisssue into the RA

34
Q

Label the important features of the right atrium

A
35
Q

Label the important structures of the lymphatic drainage of the thorax

A
36
Q

The thoracic duct drain the lymph from all parts of the body except from :

A

Essentially the upper right quadrant of body

R side of head and neck 
R side of chest wall 
R lung 
R side of heart 
R surface of liver
37
Q

What vertebral level do the vena cava, R phrenic, oesophagus and vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm

A

Number of letters= vertebral level

Vena cava = T8
R phrenic = T8
Oesophagus = T10
Vagus nerve = T10

Anatomy (8 decks)

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