Heart - year 1 Flashcards
The coronary veins drain into the ___ ____
Coronary sinus
Label the coronary arteries
What is cardiac tamponade
Build up of fluid in the pericardium resulting in compression of the heart (as pericardium is non-distensible)
Can be due to perforation of coronary artery causing blood to leak out of heart and into pericardium
Which coronary arteries are most likely to become blocked ?
Anterior interventricular branch
Circumflex
Right coronary artery
Label the phrenic nerve
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
Remnant of foetal vessel (ductus arteriosus)
Where do the coronary arteries derive from?
The openings in the aortic cusps
Describe the function of the papillary muscles , trabecular carneae, moderator band and muscular pectinate
The cords that hold the AV valves in postition are attached via the papillary muscles
Trabeculae carnae are the irregular ridges of the ventricular walls - they prevent suction (this would occur if the muscle was completely flat and smooth)
The moderator band is where the right bundle branch is found
The pectinate muscle are parallel ridges in the atrial walls
Describe the structure of the aorta
The arch splits into the brachiocephalic trunk , the left common carotid arter and the left subclavian arteri
The descending thoracic aorta splits into the visceral and partietal branches to supply the contents of the thorax
The descending abdominal aorta supplies the rest of the entire body
Coarctation of aorta
birth defect in which a part of the aorta is narrower than usual
if you were to pass your finger through the transverse pericardial sinus, it would be : a)Anterior to the SVC, ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
b) Anterior to the SVC and ascending aorta, and posterior to the pulmonary trunk
c) Anterior to the SVC, posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
d) Posterior to the SVC, and anterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
e) Posterior to the SVC and ascending aorta, and anterior to the pulmonary trunk
f) Posterior to the SVC ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
c
this CT scan is at level T2/3 ; label the numbered structures
1= R brachiocephalic vein 2=L brachiocephalic vein 3=brachiocephalic trunk 4=L common carotid artery 5=left subclavian artery 6=oesophagus 7=trachea 10= costal cartilage 11= Sternum 12= costal cartilage 13= R axillary vein 14= R lung 15= L lung 16 = vertebral body
this CT scan is at level T4/5 ; label the numbered structures
6- oesophagus 7- trachea 10 - costal cartilage 11 - sternum 14- R lung 15 - L lung 17- vertebral body 20 - aortic arch 22 - SVC 23 - arch of azygous vein 31 - internal thoracic vessels
this CT scan is at T6/7; name the numbered structures
6 - oesophagus 8 - R main bronchus 9 - L main bronchus 10 - costal cartilage 11 - sternum 14/15 - lungs 18 - T6 vertebral body 22 - SVC 24 - ascending aorta 25 - descending aorta 26 - conus arteriosus 27 - pulmonary trunk 28 - R pulmonary artery 29 - L pulmonary artery 30 - hemiazygous vein 31 - internal thoracic vessels
this CT scan is at level T8/9 ; identify the numbered structures
6 - oesophagus 10 - costal cartilage 11 - sternum 14/15 - lungs 19 - T8 vertebral body 23 - arch of azygous vein 25 - descending aorta 30 - hemiazygous vein 31 - internal thoracic vessels 32 - R atrium 33 - R ventricle 34 - L atrium 35 - L ventricle 36 - R pulmonary vein 37 - L pulmonary vein
which structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?
azygous vein, splanchnic nerves, thoracic duct
At what vertebral level is this CT scan?
T4/5
the phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm and two other structures; name them
fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura
where does the pericardium attach ? which vessels pass through the pericardium?
to the diaphragm via pericardiophrenic ligaments, sternum via sterno-pericardial ligaments and vertebral column ; pulmonary arteries/veins/ascending aorta/SVC/IVC
how is cardiomegaly identified on a chest x-ray ?
heart should be <50% of length of thorax
list the structures that pass through the superior thoracic aperture
cervical pleura, vagus/phrenic nerves, L carotid artery, subclavian arteries, trachea/oesophagus, thoracic duct, brachiocephalic trunk, recurrent laryngeal nerve, sympathetic chain
at the T3 level what heart vessels can be seen
the 5 vessel view : SVC / R and L brachiocephalic vein/ L common carotid artery/ L subclavian artery/ brachiocephalic artery
what main heart structure can you see at the T4 level?
aortic arch
what main structures can you see at the T5 level?
called the aorto-pulmonary view ; ascending/descending aorta
describe where the transverse sinus is found
tunnel shaped passage posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk but anterior to SVC
describe where the oblique pericardial sinus is found
behind the heart - lies behind the LA mainly and between the pulmonary veins
label this diagram
subclavian vessels go to neck and arm so are horizontal brachiocephalic trunk splits into R subclavian artery and r common carotid artery ; brachiocephalic means head and arm
This is a diagram of the inferior mediastinum from the right lateral view; identify the labelled structures
This is a diagram of the inferior mediastinum from the left lateral view; identify the labelled structures*
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the ___ . it supplies the muscles of the ____. The left nerve loops under the ____ ____ , and the right nerve loops under the ___ ____ _____ then traveling upwards.
vagus nerve, larynx, aortic arch, R subclavian artery
The pericardial sac lies between which vertebrae?
T5 and T8
How is Pericarditis distinguished from MI?
Chest pain due to pericarditis is sharp and has a fast onset ; improves when you sit up ; worsens when you breath in deeply and coughing
Pericardial friction rub
What is the coronary sinus
Vein that drains all the deoxygenated blood from the myocardial tisssue into the RA
Label the important features of the right atrium
Label the important structures of the lymphatic drainage of the thorax
The thoracic duct drain the lymph from all parts of the body except from :
Essentially the upper right quadrant of body
R side of head and neck R side of chest wall R lung R side of heart R surface of liver
What vertebral level do the vena cava, R phrenic, oesophagus and vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm
Number of letters= vertebral level
Vena cava = T8
R phrenic = T8
Oesophagus = T10
Vagus nerve = T10
