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Cardiac Arrthymias > Heart Valves > Flashcards

Heart Valves Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Tip: tricuspid is closer to R in the alphabet

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2
Q

Where is the mitral valve located

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Tip: think mitral follows L for LEFT

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3
Q

What is the mitral valve also known as?

A

Bicuspid valve

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4
Q

Endocardium is located where?

A

It is the inner most layer of the heart

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5
Q

Where is the myocardium located

A

It is the muscular layer of the heart

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6
Q

Where is the pericardium located

A

It is the protective sac that encloses the heart

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7
Q

Where is the pulmonic valve located

A

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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8
Q

Where is the aortic valve located

A

Between the left ventricle and aorta

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9
Q

What are semi lunar valves?

A

They are the valves located between the ventricles and major arteries…. They are called the pulmonic and aortic valves.

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10
Q

During diastole are the mitral and tricuspid valves constricted or relaxed?

A

They are relaxed.

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11
Q

During systole are the aortic and pulmonic valves constricted or relaxed?

A

They are relaxed.

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12
Q

When you hear diastole what valves must you think of

A

Tricuspid and mitral

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13
Q

When you hear systole, what valves must you think of

A

Aortic and pulmonic

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14
Q

Where are the coronary arteries located

A

On the epicardial layer of the heart

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15
Q

What does the (RCA) right coronary artery supply

A

RCA supplies the right atrium and right ventricle

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16
Q

What does the Cardiac system comprised of

A

Systole and diastole

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17
Q

What is systole

A

Contraction of the atria and ventricles

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18
Q

What is diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart

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19
Q

When do the ventricles and coronary arteries fill with blood

A

During diastole

20
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Amt of blood ( in cc) ejected from the ventricles with each heart beat.

21
Q

What is stroke volume affected by?

A

Pre load, after load, and contractility

22
Q

What is normal stroke volume

A

60-130 cc/ beat

23
Q

What is contractility

A

Extent and velocity of fiber shortening: (calcium involved)

24
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Amt of blood ejected from the heart per minute

25
Q

How is cardiac output determined

A

HR X SV

26
Q

What is normal CO

A

4-8 liters/ minute

27
Q

What is blood pressure affected by

A

Cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance

28
Q

What are chronotropic effects

A

Changes in the HR

29
Q

What is positive chronotropic

A

Increase in HR

30
Q

What is negative chronotropic

A

Decrease in HR

31
Q

What are inotropic effects

A

Change in contractility or strength of heart beat….. Can be positive or negative

32
Q

What are the 2 major sub divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

33
Q

Describe the sympathetic nervous system

A

It secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
It increases HR,BP, conduction thru AV conduction system, contractility, myocardial oxygen consumption; causes coronary vasodilation

34
Q

Describe the parasympathetic nervous system

A

It secretes acetylcholine

Slows HR, decreases contractility

35
Q

Ectopic beats

A

Any tissue in the heart that becomes excited and produces a premature beat.

36
Q

SA NODE ( sino-atrial)

A

Located in the right atrium near the entrance of the SVC

Chief pacemaker of the heart

37
Q

Where is the AV junction ( atrioventricular) located

A

Located at base of right atrium in junction between atria and ventricles

38
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the AV junction

A
  1. Slows conduction thru AV node to allow time for atrial kick
  2. serves as back up pacemaker at a rate of 40-60 bpm
  3. Blocks some of the impulses from being conducted to the ventricles when the atrial rate is rapid.
39
Q

Atrial kick

A

Last blood being dropped in ventricles

40
Q

What is the bundle of His

A

Specialized conducting fibers from the AV node that converge into bundle of tissue ( His bundle)
Part of the conduction system that Leads into the bundle branches

41
Q

P WAVE

A

Atrial depolarization… Short

42
Q

PR

A

Onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization

43
Q

QRS

A

VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION

44
Q

ST

A

END OF VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION AND START OF REPOLARIZATION

45
Q

T

A

LATTER PHASE OF VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION

46
Q

What are rules of electrical flow of the heart

A
  1. Electrical flow of the heart travels in a right to left and downward direction
  2. Flow towards a positive electrode will have a + ( upright) complex
  3. Flow away from a + electrode will have a - ( downward) complex

Cardiac Arrthymias (3 decks)

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