Heart Valves Flashcards
Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tip: tricuspid is closer to R in the alphabet
Where is the mitral valve located
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
Tip: think mitral follows L for LEFT
What is the mitral valve also known as?
Bicuspid valve
Endocardium is located where?
It is the inner most layer of the heart
Where is the myocardium located
It is the muscular layer of the heart
Where is the pericardium located
It is the protective sac that encloses the heart
Where is the pulmonic valve located
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Where is the aortic valve located
Between the left ventricle and aorta
What are semi lunar valves?
They are the valves located between the ventricles and major arteries…. They are called the pulmonic and aortic valves.
During diastole are the mitral and tricuspid valves constricted or relaxed?
They are relaxed.
During systole are the aortic and pulmonic valves constricted or relaxed?
They are relaxed.
When you hear diastole what valves must you think of
Tricuspid and mitral
When you hear systole, what valves must you think of
Aortic and pulmonic
Where are the coronary arteries located
On the epicardial layer of the heart
What does the (RCA) right coronary artery supply
RCA supplies the right atrium and right ventricle
What does the Cardiac system comprised of
Systole and diastole
What is systole
Contraction of the atria and ventricles
What is diastole
Relaxation of the heart
When do the ventricles and coronary arteries fill with blood
During diastole
What is stroke volume
Amt of blood ( in cc) ejected from the ventricles with each heart beat.
What is stroke volume affected by?
Pre load, after load, and contractility
What is normal stroke volume
60-130 cc/ beat
What is contractility
Extent and velocity of fiber shortening: (calcium involved)
What is cardiac output
Amt of blood ejected from the heart per minute
How is cardiac output determined
HR X SV
What is normal CO
4-8 liters/ minute
What is blood pressure affected by
Cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance
What are chronotropic effects
Changes in the HR
What is positive chronotropic
Increase in HR
What is negative chronotropic
Decrease in HR
What are inotropic effects
Change in contractility or strength of heart beat….. Can be positive or negative
What are the 2 major sub divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Describe the sympathetic nervous system
It secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
It increases HR,BP, conduction thru AV conduction system, contractility, myocardial oxygen consumption; causes coronary vasodilation
Describe the parasympathetic nervous system
It secretes acetylcholine
Slows HR, decreases contractility
Ectopic beats
Any tissue in the heart that becomes excited and produces a premature beat.
SA NODE ( sino-atrial)
Located in the right atrium near the entrance of the SVC
Chief pacemaker of the heart
Where is the AV junction ( atrioventricular) located
Located at base of right atrium in junction between atria and ventricles
What are the 3 main functions of the AV junction
- Slows conduction thru AV node to allow time for atrial kick
- serves as back up pacemaker at a rate of 40-60 bpm
- Blocks some of the impulses from being conducted to the ventricles when the atrial rate is rapid.
Atrial kick
Last blood being dropped in ventricles
What is the bundle of His
Specialized conducting fibers from the AV node that converge into bundle of tissue ( His bundle)
Part of the conduction system that Leads into the bundle branches
P WAVE
Atrial depolarization… Short
PR
Onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization
QRS
VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION
ST
END OF VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION AND START OF REPOLARIZATION
T
LATTER PHASE OF VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION
What are rules of electrical flow of the heart
- Electrical flow of the heart travels in a right to left and downward direction
- Flow towards a positive electrode will have a + ( upright) complex
- Flow away from a + electrode will have a - ( downward) complex
