Heart structure Flashcards
How many chambers does our heart consist of ?
4 chambers
What are the top two chambers of the heart called ?
Atria
What are the bottom two chambers called ?
Ventricles
How are the atria separated from the ventricles ?
By the atrioventricular valves (AV valves to prevent blood flowing in the opposite direction.).
What is the left AV called ?
The Bicuspid (aka the Mitral valve.)
What is the right AV valve called ?
The tricuspid valve.
What are the valves attached to and what do they do ?
Tendons - which ensure that the valves open in the right direction.
What is the valves leading to the pulmonary artery and the other valve leading to the aorta called ?
Pulmonary or Aortic valves (semi-lunar valves - as they look like half moons.)
What is the structure of the heart that deoxygenated blood enters through.
Deoxygenated blood enters the right airuim via the inferior vena cava.
Relate the stucture of the heart’s chamber to their function :
Atria : Thin - walled and elastic, so they can stretch when filled with blood.
Ventricles : Thick muscular walls pump blood under high pressure. The left ventricle is thicker than the right because it has to pump blood all the way around the body.
Describe the function of the heart’s major blood vessels.
- Vena cava : Brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
- Pulmonary artery : Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
- Pulmonary Vein : Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
- Aorta : Takes oxygenated blood from the heart around the body.
The flow of deoxygenated blood.
- The inferior vena cava pumps deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body into the right atrium to the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps deoxygenated blood out of the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
The flow of oxygenated blood.
The pulmonary veins carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Oxygenated blood flows though the pulmonary vein to the left atrium into the left ventricle (which has thicker muscle wall to pump blood futher) which pumps the blood to the aorta which then pumps blood to the rest of the body.
Where are the coronary arteries located
Our coronary arteries are around and inside our heart muscle. They branch off our aorta, which is the main artery in our body.
Lable the parts of the heart
What is the function of coronary arteries ?
- Carries oxygen/glucose
- To heart muscle/cells/tissues
What separates the left ventricle from the right ventricle /
The septum - this prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.
What are the coronary arteries ?
Arteries that wrap around the heart to supply blood to cardiac muscle.
Identify the problem with the blood vessels of this heart (1)
The baby survived because of the hole in the septum of the heart.
Explain how the hole in the septum allowed this baby to survive. (3)
State the type of blood vessel that has no collagen in its wall.
Capillaries.
Explain which side of the human heart is represented by graph B (2)
In graph A, the blood pressure inside the ventricle changes between 0.0 and 0.45
seconds.
Explain how these changes in blood pressure occur in this part of the cardiac cycle. (4)
Smooth enothelia wall this is to allow reduced friction when the blood is flowing through.
Semilunar valves to prevent the backflow of blood during diastole.
branches to supply blood to the differnt parts of the body
(b) (i) Suggest how the location of the atheroma results in the position and size of this region of
dead heart muscle.
The dead mucles cells will be loacted downstremam of the atheroma.
This is because the atheroma blocks the blood flowing to the muscle cells. Blood supplies the muscles cells with oxygen which they use to respire. If there’s no blood, then there is no , oxygen so the muscles die.
C - Aorta
D - Pulmonary artery
B - Pulmonary vein
A - Vena cava
