Heart Sounds, Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure Flashcards
What is cardiac output?
Amount of blood pumped by the heart.
Cardiac output is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.
How is stroke volume defined?
Amount of blood forced out of the heart with each heartbeat.
Stroke volume is a key component in determining cardiac output.
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume.
This formula highlights the relationship between heart rate and stroke volume.
What causes the ‘dubb’ sound in heart sounds?
Closing of the semilunar valves.
This occurs when the ventricles relax and blood is drawn into areas of lower pressure.
What is the ‘lubb’ sound associated with?
Closing of the AV valves during ventricular contraction.
This sound occurs after the atria contract and push blood into the ventricles.
What describes the sound the heart makes?
Lubb-dubb sound.
The heart sounds are primarily caused by the closing of different heart valves.
What is thermoregulation?
Maintenance of body temperature.
It involves constriction and dilation of blood vessels to control heat.
What is vasoconstriction?
The process of blood vessels making smaller.
This occurs in response to decreased environmental temperature to conserve heat.
What physiological response occurs with decreased environmental temperature?
Constriction of blood vessels in skin, shivering, and erect body hairs.
These responses help conserve heat.
What happens to blood vessels during increased environmental temperature?
Dilation of blood vessels in skin and sweating.
These mechanisms help dissipate heat.
How does exercise affect heart rate in athletes?
Athletes tend to have low heart rates.
This is due to their stronger hearts being able to pump more blood with each beat.
What is blood pressure?
Pressure against vessel walls.
It is a critical measure of cardiovascular health.
What is systolic pressure?
Maximum pressure during ventricular contraction.
It is the top number in a blood pressure reading.
What is diastolic pressure?
Lowest pressure before the ventricles contract again.
It is the bottom number in a blood pressure reading.
What is the average blood pressure reading?
120/80.
This reading represents typical systolic/diastolic pressure.
Name factors that can impact blood pressure.
- Diet
- Age
- Health Conditions
- Exercise
- Stress
Each of these factors can significantly influence an individual’s blood pressure.
How does increasing heart rate impact blood pressure?
Increasing the amount of blood and widening blood vessels.
This leads to increased elasticity of the arteries and can affect blood viscosity.
