Heart Sounds Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism for the production of the S1 heart sound

A

mitral and tricuspid valves close

systole

“Lub”

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2
Q

mechanism for the production of the S2 heart sound

A

closing of atrial and pulmonic valves

diastole

“Dub”

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3
Q

reason for normal splitting of the S1 heart sound

A

the mitral valve and tricuspid valve close at different times

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4
Q

reason for normal splitting of the S2 heart sound

A

AKA physiologic splitting

occurs during inspiration and disappears during expiration

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5
Q

pathologic splitting of S2

A

WIDE split

persists thru out cycle (can hear during inspiration and expiration)

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6
Q

pathophysiology behind the production of systolic ejection clicks

A

occurs in systole

caused by mitral valve prolapse

occurs between S1 and S2

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7
Q

pathophysiology behind the production of opening snaps

A

occurs during Diastole

caused by rough, calcified valve that opens up in early diastole

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8
Q

pathophysiology behind the production of S3s

A

occurs in diastole

“kentucky” murmur

occurs after S2

regurgitation

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9
Q

pathophysiology behind the production of S4s

A

atrial contraction, extra kick before the “Lub”

occurs in diastole

“tennessee murmur”

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10
Q

possible shapes of a murmur

A

crescendo
decrescendo
crescendo-decrescendo
plateau

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11
Q

grading the murmur includes:

A

intensity (x/6)
pitch (high, med, low)
quality (blowing, harsh, rumbling, musical)

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12
Q

holosystolic murmurs

A

begin at S3 and continue until S4

mitral regurgitation
tricuspid regurgitation
ventricular septal defect

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13
Q

mitral regurgitation

A

holosystolic

does NOT become louder with inspiration

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14
Q

tricuspid regurgitation

A

holosystolic

blowing

LOUD with inspiration

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15
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

wide radiation

found only in babies!!

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16
Q

mid systolic murmurs

A

MC

innocent, physiological or pathological

peak near midsystole then stope before S2

17
Q

innocent/physiologic mid systolic murmur

A

decrease, increase, or wane

crescendo-decrescendo

disappears when sitting

18
Q

aortic stenosis

A

radiation to carotid

often associated with S4

MOST COMMON

19
Q

late systolic murmurs

A

mitral valve prolapse

“lub” cresceondo “dub”

20
Q

diastolic murmur types indication

A

always indicates heart disease

early (regurge)

rumbling (stenosis)

21
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

crescendo

early diastole

pt sitting, leaning forward, holding breath

22
Q

mitral stenosis

A

rumbling

lie on left side, listen to apex