Heart sounds Flashcards
What must you always do when listening to heart sounds?
Palpate the carotid.
Name a common heart murmur that is pan systolic in S1?
Mitral regurgitation (can be tricuspid regurgitation)
Name a common ejection systolic murmur (S1)?
Aortic stenosis (also pulmonary stenosis)
Name a common early diastolic murmur (S2)?
Aortic regurgitation
Name a late S2 sound with a “tap” at the end?
Mitral stenosis
Name a pan systolic Heart sound that occurs in S1 and S2? (a continuous machine like murmur)
Patent ductus arteriosis.
Name 2 late systolic heart sounds? (S1)
- mitral valve prolapse
* coarctation of aorta
What is one of the major predisposing factors I developing valvular diseas (mitral and aortic predominantly)?
Chronic rheumatic heart disease
What are the 4 most common valvular heart diseases?
- Aortic Stenosis
- Mitral regurgitation
- Aortic regurgitation
- Mitral stenosis
Name 3 causes of innocent heart murmurs?
- Pregnancy
- Anaemia
- Thyrotoxicosis
Name 4 qualities associated with a benign murmur?
- Short
- Soft
- Systolic
- May vary with posture
What is the major risk associated with prosthetic heart valves?
Infection
What is the causes of mitral stenosis?
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Congenital
- Muccopolysacharidosis
- Cardial fibroelastosis
What is the causes of mitral regurgitation?
- Functional
- Annular calcification
- Rheumatic fever
- Infective endocarditis
What is the causes of Aortic stenosis?
- Senile calcification (commonest)
- congenital
- Rheumatic fever
